3,323 research outputs found
Adults only: disability, social policy and the life course
This article examines the relationship between disability, generation and
social policy. The moral and legislative framework for the post-war welfare
settlement was grounded in a long-standing cultural construction of
‘normal’ life course progression. Disability and age (along with gender)
were the key components in this construction, defining broad categories
of welfare dependency and labour force exemption. However, social
changes and the emergence of new policy discourses have brought into
question the way in which we think about dependency and welfare at the
end of the twentieth century. The article suggests that, as policy-makers
pursue their millennial settlement with mothers, children and older
people, they also may be forced to reconstruct the relationship between
disabled people and the welfare state
Parasites, pawns and partners: disability research and the role of non-disabled researchers
Important methodological questions are raised by the act of researching disablement. Disability research has attracted much methodological criticism from disabled people who argue that it has taken place within an oppressive theoretical paradigm and within an oppressive set of social relations. These issues are of heightened significance for non-disabled researchers and bear many similarities to those faced by researchers investigating barriers to the social inclusion of women, Black and ‘Third World’ peoples. Such challenges have led to the development of an ‘emancipatory’ research paradigm. Six principles of emancipatory research are identified and the authors’ own research projects are critically examined within this framework. A number of contradictions are identified and an attempt made to balance the twin requirements of political action and academic rigour
Disability and disaster recovery: a tale of two cities?
This paper examines the connections between disability and disaster from a global perspective. Concepts from the research and policy literature are used to distinguish between individual and social models of disability, and between natural hazards and human disasters. These concepts are then employed to investigate data on the response to disabled people’s recovery needs in two recent case studies: the Asian tsunami and Hurricane Katrina. The analysis combines primary, secondary and tertiary sources to explore disability issues in the reconstruction of inclusive communities and the lessons that may be learned about disaster preparedness in poor communities. The conclusions suggest that more attention should be paid to social model approaches, particularly in understand global links with poverty, and that disabled people’s organisations should be resourced as agents of disaster recovery and preparedness
OH emission from cometary knots in planetary nebulae
We model the molecular emission from cometary knots in planetary nebulae
(PNe) using a combination of photoionization and photodissociation region (PDR)
codes, for a range of central star properties and gas densities. Without the
inclusion of ionizing extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation, our models require
central star temperatures to be near the upper limit of the range
investigated in order to match observed H and OH surface brightnesses
consistent with observations - with the addition of EUV flux, our models
reproduce observed OH surface brightnesses for .
For , the predicted OH surface brightness is much
lower, consistent with the non-detection of this molecule in PNe with such
central star temperatures. Our predicted level of H emission is somewhat
weaker than commonly observed in PNe, which may be resolved by the inclusion of
shock heating or fluorescence due to UV photons. Some of our models also
predict ArH and HeH rotational line emission above detection
thresholds, despite neither molecule having been detected in PNe, although the
inclusion of photodissociation by EUV photons, which is neglected by our
models, would be expected to reduce their detectability.Comment: Accepted by MNRAS, 11 pages, 15 figures. Author accepted manuscript.
Accepted on 24/04/18. Deposited on 27/04/1
Modelling the ArH emission from the Crab Nebula
We have performed combined photoionization and photodissociation region (PDR)
modelling of a Crab Nebula filament subjected to the synchrotron radiation from
the central pulsar wind nebula, and to a high flux of charged particles; a
greatly enhanced cosmic ray ionization rate over the standard interstellar
value, , is required to account for the lack of detected [C I]
emission in published Herschel SPIRE FTS observations of the Crab Nebula. The
observed line surface brightness ratios of the OH and ArH transitions
seen in the SPIRE FTS frequency range can only be explained with both a high
cosmic ray ionization rate and a reduced ArH dissociative recombination
rate compared to that used by previous authors, although consistent with
experimental upper limits. We find that the ArH/OH line strengths and
the observed H vibration-rotation emission can be reproduced by model
filaments with cm,
and visual extinctions within the range found for dusty globules in the Crab
Nebula, although far-infrared emission from [O I] and [C II] is higher than the
observational constraints. Models with cm
underpredict the H surface brightness, but agree with the ArH and
OH surface brightnesses and predict [O I] and [C II] line ratios consistent
with observations. These models predict HeH rotational emission above
detection thresholds, but consideration of the formation timescale suggests
that the abundance of this molecule in the Crab Nebula should be lower than the
equilibrium values obtained in our analysis.Comment: Accepted by MNRAS. Author accepted manuscript. Accepted on
05/09/2017. Deposited on 05/09/1
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