Electron-translation effects in heavy-ion scattering

The origin and importance of electron-translation effects within a molecular description of electronic excitations in heavy-ion collisions is investigated. First, a fully consistent quantum-mechanical description of the scattering process is developed; the electrons are described by relativistic molecular orbitals, while the nuclear motion is approximated nonrelativistically. Leaving the quantum-mechanical level by using the semiclassical approximation for the nuclear motion, a set of coupled differential equations for the occupation amplitudes of the molecular orbitals is derived. In these coupled-channel equations the spurious asymptotic dynamical couplings are corrected for by additional matrix elements stemming from the electron translation. Hence, a molecular description of electronic excitations in heavy-ion scattering has been achieved, which is free from the spurious asymptotic couplings of the conventional perturbated stationary-state approach. The importance of electron-translation effects for continuum electrons and positrons is investigated. To this end an algorithm for the description of continuum electrons is proposed, which for the first time should allow for the calculation of angular distributions for δ electrons. Finally, the practical consequences of electron-translation effects are studied by calculating the corrected coupling matrix elements for the Pb-Cm system and comparing the corresponding K-vacancy probabilities with conventional calculations. We critically discuss conventional methods for cutting off the coupling matrix elements in coupled-channel calculations

Stability of massive objects in a new scalar-tensor theory

We define a new scalar-tensor theory with an effective gravitational coupling constant depending on a scalar field. The coupling is such that the gravitational interaction decreases with the strength of the scalar field. We show that this is not sufficient to prevent the gravitational collapse of sufficiently massive dense objects

Modern Portfolio Theory: Some Main Results

This article summarizes some main results in modern portfolio theory. First, the Markowitz approach is presented. Then the capital asset pricing model is derived and its empirical testability is discussed. Afterwards Neumann-Morgenstern utility theory is applied to the portfolio problem. Finally, it is shown how optimal risk allocation in an economy may lead to portfolio insuranc

Economic Premium Principles in Insurance and the Capital Asset Pricing Model

An insurance company is considered as an intermediary between policyholders and the capital market. By applying the traditional and the generalized version of the capital asset pricing model, a class of premium principles can be derived. This class is fully compatible with Bühlmann's economic premium principle. Moreover, insurance premiums can be directly related to risk premiums on the stock exchang

Grundlagen der Zahlentheorie und Analysis

Inhalt: - Gert H. Müller - Grundlagen der Zahlentheorie und Analysis vom deduktiven Gesichtspunkt - - Vorbemerkung - - Die Formalisierung der Mathematik und Logik - - Der klassische Ansatz - - Ein fundamentales Ergebnis der Beweistheorie - - Intuitionismus - - Zurück zur klassischen Auffassung der Mathemati

Urwaldrelikt-Arten - Xylobionte Käfer als Indikatoren für Strukturqualität und Habitattradition

On the basis of the list of saproxylic beetles of Germany, the authors present a definition and list of “Urwald relict species”, comprising 115 beetles that are considered to be associated with primeval forest (“Urwald”) structures and features. We use the term “habitat tradition” to describe a continuity in supply of old growth dead wood and forest structures. The selection of species is made on behalf of the following criteria: relict records in Central Europe; attachment to continuity of deadwood resources and habitat tradition; continuity of old growth stand features like tree and deadwood maturity and di-versity; absence from cultivated Central European forest.Urwaldrelikt-Arten - Xylobionte Käfer als Indikatoren für Strukturqualität und Habitattradition Auf der Basis der Liste xylobionter Käfer Deutschlands legen die Autoren eine Definition und Liste von 115 Käferarten vor, die in Deutschland als Urwaldreliktarten bezeichnet werden können. Wir definieren die Kontinuität eines Bestandes hinsichtlich Totholzangebot und Bestandsstruktur als „Habitattradition“. Die Auswahl der Arten erfolgt anhand folgender Kriterien: Reliktäres Vorkommen in Mitteleuropa; Bindung an Strukturkontinuität bzw. Habitattradition sowie Kontinuität der Alters- und Zerfallsphase; hohe Ansprüche an Totholzqualitäten und –quantitäten; aus den kultivierten Wäldern Mitteleuropas verschwindend oder schon verschwunden