LISTA DE HELMINTOS ASOCIADOS A LOS TESTUDINES CONTINENTALES DE AMÉRICA DEL SUR

This study collected records of 135 taxa of parasitic helminths (Nematoda, Trematoda, Cestoda, Monogenoidea and Acanthocephala) and ectosimbionts (Temnocephalida) associated with continental Testudines from South America. Eighty-nine helminths were identified at the species level while others were identified up to genus or family levels. The greatest diversity of helminths associated with Testudines was reported in Brazil. Chelidae was the family with the largest number of helminth species. Regarding the conservation status, 17 Testudines species with helminth records are cited in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Knowledge of helminth biodiversity and of relations between these organisms and Testudines can provide important data on host biology. Therefore, information generated by studies of helminths can contribute to research which aims at the conservation of organims and their habitats.En este estudio se recogieron registros de 135 taxones de helmintos parásitos (Nematoda, Trematoda, Cestoda, Monogenoidea y Acanthocephala) y ectosimbiontes (Temnocephalida) asociados a Testudines continentales de Sudamérica. Se identificaron 89 helmintos a nivel de especie, mientras que otros se identificaron hasta el nivel de género o familia. La mayor diversidad de helmintos asociados a los Testudines se registró en Brasil. Chelidae fue la familia con el mayor número de especies de helmintos. En cuanto al estado de conservación, 17 especies de Testudines con registros de helmintos están citadas en la Lista Roja de Especies Amenazadas de la IUCN. El conocimiento de la biodiversidad de los helmintos y de las relaciones entre estos organismos y los Testudines puede aportar datos importantes sobre la biología de los hospedadores. Por lo tanto, la información generada por los estudios de los helmintos puede contribuir a la investigación que tiene como objetivo la conservación de los organismos y sus hábitats

Bioactive profiles of edible vegetable oils determined using 10D hyphenated comprehensive high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC×HPTLC) with on-surface metabolism (nanoGIT) and planar bioassays

IntroductionVegetable oils rich in unsaturated fatty acids are assumed to be safe and even healthy for consumers though lipid compositions of foods vary naturally and are complex considering the wealth of minor compounds down to the trace level.MethodsThe developed comprehensive high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC×HPTLC) method including the on-surface metabolization (nanoGIT) and bioassay detection combined all steps on the same planar surface. The pancreatic lipolysis (intestinal phase) experiment and the subsequent analysis of the fatty acid composition including its effect-directed detection using a planar bioassay was performed without elaborate sample preparation or fractionation to ensure sample integrity. Thus, no sample part was lost, and the whole sample was studied on a single surface regarding all aspects. This made the methodology as well as technology miniaturized, lean, all-in-one, and very sustainable.Results and discussionTo prioritize important active compounds including their metabolism products in the complex oil samples, the nanoGIT method was used to examine the pancreatic lipolysis of nine different vegetable oils commonly used in the kitchen and food industry, e.g., canola oil, flaxseed oil, hemp oil, walnut oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, olive oil, coconut oil, and palm oil. The digested oils revealed antibacterial and genotoxic effects, which were assigned to fatty acids and oxidized species via high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HRMS/MS). This finding reinforces the importance of adding powerful techniques to current analytical tools. The 10D hyphenated nanoGIT-HPTLC×HPTLC-Vis/FLD-bioassay-heart cut-RP-HPLC-DAD-HESI-HRMS/MS has the potential to detect any potential hazard due to digestion/metabolism, improving food safety and understanding on the impact of complex samples

TELORCHIS SPP. (DIGENEA: TELORCHIIDAE) EN TRACHEMYS DORBIGNI (DUMÉRIL & BIBRON, 1835) (TESTUDINES: EMYDIDAE) EN EL SUR DE BRASIL

Trachemys dorbigni, the Brazilian slider turtle, is native to Uruguay, Argentina and Brazil. In Brazil the species is abundant in the southern region. This research investigated the helminth fauna of this species. We examined sixty chelonians from aquatic environments of urban and rural areas in two municipalities in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. During the research we found Telorchis achavali and Telorchis corti (Digenea). This is the first record of T. achavali in Brazil.Trachemys dorbigni es nativo de Uruguay, Argentina y Brasil, en el territorio brasileño es abundante en el extremo sur del país. Para la investigación de la fauna de helmintos de T. dorbigni se examinaron sesenta tortugas de ambientes acuáticos de zonas urbanas y rurales de dos municipios de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Durante la investigación se encontraron Telorchis achavali y Telorchis corti (Digenea). Este es el primer registro de T. achavali en Brasil

Supplementary information for the article: Djinović, Z., Pavelka, R., Tomić, M., Sprinzl, G., Müller, J. G., & Traxler, H. (2021). Experimental study of an implantable fiber-optic microphone on human cadavers. Hearing Research, 410, 108351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2021.108351

In the supplement, a few audio records in a time duration of about 1-3 min, which are acquired during experiments performed on skull head #7587, are given. The signals have been on-line processed by TIFOS system and recorded by an HP notebook audiocard without any frequency equalizing. The sound pressure level was measured by Bruel & Kjaer 2250 sound meter (dBA, slow). The sound of piano and violin in Schubert’s Rondo in Fig. S1a are of high fidelity. High frequency tones in the aria from “La-Traviata” performed by famous Russian-Austrian operatic soprano Anna Netrebko (Fig. S1d) are also very clear and dynamic. The famous speech of Martin Luther King (Fig. S1b) is completely intelligible, as well as the resignation speech of former British prime minister Theresa May (Fig. S1c). The individual characteristics of the well-known voices are easily recognizable.Related to the peer-reviewed manuscript: [https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_12143]Supplementary information for the article: [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2021.108351]Related to the published version: [https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_12259

Enhanced C/EBPβ function promotes hypertrophic versus hyperplastic fat tissue growth and prevents steatosis in response to high-fat diet feeding

Chronic obesity is correlated with severe metabolic and cardiovascular diseases as well as with an increased risk for developing cancers. Obesity is usually characterized by fat accumulation in enlarged-hypertrophic – adipocytes that are a source of inflammatory mediators, which promote the development and progression of metabolic disorders. Yet, in certain healthy obese individuals, fat is stored in metabolically more favorable hyperplastic fat tissue that contains an increased number of smaller adipocytes that are less inflamed. In a previous study we demonstrated that loss of the inhibitory protein-isoform C/EBPβ-LIP and the resulting augmented function of the transactivating isoform C/EBPβ-LAP promotes fat metabolism under normal feeding conditions and expands health-and lifespan in mice. Here we show that in mice on a high-fat diet, LIP-deficiency results in adipocyte hyperplasia associated with reduced inflammation and metabolic improvements. Furthermore, fat storage in subcutaneous depots is significantly enhanced specifically in LIP-deficient male mice. Our data identify C/EBPβ as a regulator of adipocyte fate in response to increased fat intake, which has major implications for metabolic health and aging

HELMINTOS PARÁSITOS DEL PILRITO-DE-UROPÍGIO-BRANCO, CALIDRIS FUSCICOLLIS (AVES: SCOLOPACIDAE), DE BRASIL

Oitenta maçariços da espécie Calidris fuscicollis foram coletados no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, para análise de helmintos, no período de 2010-2012. Foram identificadas dois trematódeos (Selfcoelum brasilianum, Maritrema sp.), dois cestoides (Nadejdolepis smithi, Nadejdolepis sp.) e um acantocéfalo (Polymorphus cucullatus). Selfcoelum brasilianum, Maritrema sp., N. smithi, Nadejdolepis sp. e P. cucullatus são reportados, pela primeira vez, em C. fuscicollis

TEMNOCÉFALOS SOBRE TRACHEMYS DORBIGNI (DUMÉRIL & BIBRON, 1835) (TESTUDINES, EMYDIDAE): IMPLICANCIAS DE LOS AMBIENTES ANTROPOGÉNICOS Y LOS GÉNEROS DE LAS TORTUGAS EN LA RELACIÓN SIMBIÓTICA

Se estudió la asociación entre los helmintos epibiontes de Temnocephalidae y la tortuga de agua dulce Trachemys dorbigni (Duméril & Bibron, 1835), comparando los ambientes urbano y rural, y el género sexual de las tortugas. Sesenta especímenes de T. dorbigni fueron recolectadas en canales urbanos y lagos de la zona rural de dos localidades de Rio Grande do Sul, extremo sur de Brasil. Los epibiontes, Temnocephala pereirai Volonterio, 2010 y Temnocephala sp. (Temnocephalidae), fueron encontrados solamente en las tortugas de la zona rural. Se observó una relación positiva entre helmintos epibiontes y los machos de T. dorbigni, sugiriendo que la dinámica poblacional de los helmintos esté relacionada con el comportamiento y la condición reproductiva de T. dorbigni

ENSAMBLAJE DE HELMINTOS DE AVES ACUÁTICAS (PELECANIFORMES: ARDEIDAE) DEL SUR DE RIO GRANDE DEL SUR Y UN LISTADO DE HELMINTOS DE GARZAS DE BRASIL

Se examinaron 44 ejemplares pertenecientes a las nueve especies de Ardeidae del extremo sur del estado de Rio Grande do Sul. El objetivo del estudio fue relatar la ocurrencia de las especies de helmintos para las aves, cuantificar las infecciones por especie hospedadora, además de presentar una revisión de helmintos de Ardeidae de Brasil. Las aves acuáticas fueron positivas para 18 tasas, cinco Nematoda, nueve Trematoda y cuatro Acanthocephala. Los nuevos registros de helmintos para Ardeidae en Brasil fueron reportados. Ardea cocoi y Ardea alba se destacaron por el número de especies asociadas

LARVAS DE DIOCTOPHYME RENALE (GOEZE, 1782) (NEMATODA: ENOPLIDA) Y CONTRACAECUM SP. (NEMATODA: ANISAKIDAE) EN TORTUGAS DE AGUA DULCE (TESTUDINES: CHELIDAE) DEL SUR DE BRASIL

Dioctophyme renale (Goeze, 1782) se ha reportado en varias especies de carnívoros silvestres y en perros domésticos. Los oligoquetos acuáticos son hospedadores intermedios, ranas y los peces actúan como hospedadores paraténicos. Contracaecum spp. es parásito de aves y mamíferos que alimentan de peces, invertebrados actúan como hospedadores intermedios, y los peces actúan como hospedadores intermediarios y paraténicos. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo registrar larvas de D. renale y Contracaecum sp. en tortugas de agua dulce. Se examinaron nueve Phrynops hilarii (Duméril & Bibron, 1835) y 21 Acanthochelys spixii (Duméril & Bibron, 1835), colectados in Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Cuatro ejemplares de P. hilarii estuvieron infectados por larvas de tercer estadio de D. renale y una A. spixii estuvo infectada por larvas de tercer estadio de Contracaecum sp. Este es el primer registro de larvas de D. renale y Contracaecum sp. en P. hilarii y A. spixii, respectivamente

ENSAMBLAJE DE HELMINTOS DE CHRYSOMUS RUFICAPILLUS (VIEILLOT, 1819) (PASSERIFORMES: ICTERIDAE) DEL SUR DE BRASIL

Chrysomus ruficapillus (Vieillot, 1819) es una ave abundante en Bioma Pampa frecuentemente asociada a arrozales. Se examinaron 122 especímenes recolectados en campos de arroz del extremo sur de Brasil para investigar la presencia de helmintos. Ciento y catorce C. ruficapillus fueron positivos para por lo menos uma espécie parásita (P% = 93.4) y fueron identificados 15 taxa: ocho pertenecientes a Trematoda (P% = 75.4), dos a Cestoda (P% = 20.5), cuatro a Nematoda (P% = 57,4) y uno a Acanthocephala (P% = 2.4). Los resultados y índices parasitológicos son inéditos para C. ruficapillus contribuyendo al conocimiento parasitológico de la espécie y para la helmintología de Icteridae en América del Sur