Blood Cu/Zn Ratio in Children of School Age, Living in Malaria Endemic Area in Abidjan (Côte D'ivoire)

Background: Food intake contains various nutrients which the loss or destruction are exogenous factors of oxidative damages in our body, aggravated by infectious diseases. Blood ratio Cu/Zn is an indicator about the pool of defenses anti oxidizing to measure damage oxidative. The present study aimed to investigate the blood ratio Cu/Zn an indicator of pool of oxidative stress and eating risk factors in children school age, living in malaria endemic area. Methods: A total of 113 participants, aged 5-14 years with a mean age about 9.5 ±2 were submitted to the study. Malaria diagnosis was based on clinical grounds as the feverish condition (axillary temperature ≥ 37°C) and confirmed by laboratory test. A survey was conducted to screen children eating habits, and conjointly blood ratio Cu/Zn analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. Results: We have noted a high value of the Cu/Zn ratio in malarial children, as compared to controls (p < 0.001). This ratio in both groups was highest compared to the normal values (< 1), and showed an acute value in course of parasitemia. Elsewhere, it was identified eating risk factors in all children. Conclusion: Children of school age in high endemic zone of malaria in Côte d’Ivoire are exposed to the damage of stress oxidative. Thus, eating habits and their interaction with the parasite growth should be analyzed, to correct the states of stress by monitoring down the ratio copper/zinc

Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of Hibiscus sabdariffa petal extracts in Wistar rats

Background: Hibiscus sabdariffa is a medicinal plant rich in phytochemical compounds, which is the source of its biological properties. This study on the aqueous extract of H. sabdariffa (AEHS) was conducted to assess its hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties.Methods: It was carried out with 25 Wistar rats divided into five groups. Two groups were treated with a solution of NaCl 0.9%. One group was treated with silymarin at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight (BW). Two other groups were treated with the AEHS at different doses (100 and 200 mg/kg BW). The treatments were carried out via oral route and at single dose for 7 days. After injection of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH), blood samples were collected for the carrying out of biochemical analyses of oxidative stress markers (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, ferric reduction antioxidant parameter, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and hepatotoxicity (albumin, total and direct bilirubin, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase).Results: Three major results were obtained. The hepatotoxicity of DNPH expressed by the rats of Group 1 was significantly different (p<0.05) from those of the other groups (control, 2-4) for both hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress markers. The hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties of the AEHS and confirmation of those of silymarin through the rats of Groups 2-4 were statistically identical (p<0.05) to the control group for markers of hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress.Conclusion: These results confirm and reinforce certain therapeutic virtues of H. sabdariffa

Impact of Dietary Diversification on the Prognostic Inflammatory and Nutritional Index in School-Age Children in the Nawa Region (Côte d’Ivoire)

The objective of this work was to study the impact of food diversification based on sweet potato, soybean, and cowpea on the prognostic inflammatory and nutritional index (PINI) in school-aged children in the Nawa region. This study took place from October 2017 to May 2018 among 240 pupils aged 6 to 12, divided into four groups of 60. Four types of meals were proposed: rice with tomato soup and fish (group 1), sweet potato porridge enriched with green soybeans (group 2), sweet potato porridge enriched with white cowpea (group 3), or sweet potato porridge accompanied by white cowpea with green soybeans (group 4). There were three blood samples: before eating meals (phase 0), the end of the first trimester (phase 1), and the end of the second trimester (phase 2). Blood assay for C-reactive protein (CRP), orosomucoid, albumin, and prealbumin was performed using COBAS c311 analyzer. PINI was calculated. Groups 3 and 4 showed a slight increase in albumin values (42.24 ± 0.95 g/L and 41.51 ± 1.71 g/L, respectively) compared to group 1. CRP decreased from phase 1 for group 1 (2.06 ± 0.26 mg/L) and group 4 (2.38 ± 0.36 mg/L). Orosomucoid increased insignificantly (p &gt; 0.05) in group 3 (0.74 ± 0.04 g/L) and group 4 (0.71 ± 0.04 g/L). PINI was reduced by 0.37 (group 1), 0.36 (group 2), 0.46 (group 3) and 0.44 (group 4). Food diversification based on sweet potato and white cowpea has a positive impact on PINI in more than 80% of pupils

EVALUATION DES MICRONUTRIMENTS (VITAMINES A, E), PROFILS HEMATOLOGIQUE ET BIOCHIMIQUE CHEZ LES PERSONNES VIVANT AVEC LE VIRUS DE L'IMMUNO-DEFICIENCE HUMAINE

Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, den Mikronährstoffstatus (Vitamin A und E) zu bewerten und das hämatologische und biochemische Profil von Patienten mit HIV im Institut Pasteur in Côte d'Ivoire zu bestimmen. Es ist eine prospektive Studie über eine Kohorte von 173 HIV-positiven erwachsenen Probanden. Kontrollpersonen sind HIV-negative Subjekte.Nach Bestätigung des HIV-Status (Schnellscreeningtest) der eingeschlossenen Patienten wurden NFS- und CD4-Zellen auf dem sysmex XT 1800i-Automaten bzw. der Durchflusszytometrie (FacsCalibur) gezählt. Die Analyse der Vitamine A und E wurde in HPLC aus den Seren der verschiedenen Blutproben der HIV-positiven und negativen Probanden durchgeführt.Das Durchschnittsalter der Studienteilnehmer liegt bei 37 Jahren und die Altersgruppe, die am stärksten dieser Krankheit ausgesetzt ist, schwankt zwischen 26 und 49 Jahren. Die häufigste Anomalie war eine Anämie mit einer Dominanz der normochromen normozytischen Anämie. Jedoch wurde das hohe Vorkommen von isolierter Makrozytose beobachtet. Eine schwere Anämie, die nur in PHAs gefunden wird, ist ein Indikator für eine hohe Immunsuppression. Die Studie zeigte auch einen signifikanten Mikronährstoffmangel (Vitamin A und E) bei HIV-positiven Patienten im Vergleich zu negativen HIV-Kontrollen (P <0,0001). Die hervorgehobenen biochemischen Anomalien sind : phosphocalcische Störung und Senkung von HDL-Cholesterin in infizierten Personen, was zu einer Erhöhung des Atherogenitätsindex (AI) führt.Letztendlich wäre es wichtig, bei PLWHA eine Triple-Therapie mit Mikronährstoff-Ergänzung zu kombinieren, sobald die HIV-Seropositivität festgestellt wird.Le but de ce travail est d’évaluer le statut en micronutriments (vitamine A et E) et de déterminer les profils hématologique et biochimique des patients vivant avec le VIH à l’Institut Pasteur de Côte d’Ivoire. C’est une étude prospective sur une cohorte de 173 sujets adultes VIH positif. Les sujets témoins sont constitués de sujets VIH négatif.Après confirmation du statut sérologique VIH (test de dépistage rapide) des sujets inclus, la NFS et les lymphocytes CD4 ont été comptés sur l’automate sysmex XT 1800i et à la cytométrie en flux (FacsCalibur), respectivement. L’analyse des vitamines A et E a été réalisé en HPLC à partir des sérums issus des différents échantillons de sang des sujets VIH positif et négatif. La moyenne d'âge des sujets inclus est de 37 ans et la tranche d’âge la plus exposée aux méfaits de cette pathologie varie de 26 à 49 ans. L’anomalie la plus fréquente était l’anémie avec une prédominance de l’anémie normocytaire normochrome. Toutefois, la présence élevée de macrocytoses isolées a été constatée. L’anémie sévère retrouvée uniquement chez les PVVIH est un indicateur de forte immunodépression. L’étude a également révélé une carence importante en micronutriments (vitamines A et E) chez les patients VIH positif comparativement aux témoins VIH Négatif (P< 0,0001). Les anomalies biochimiques mis en évidence sont : une perturbation phosphocalcique et un abaissement du cholestérol HDL chez les sujets infectés avec pour conséquence une augmentation de l’indice d’athérogénicité (IA). Au terme de cette étude, il serait également judicieux d’associer à la trithérapie (pour taux de CD4 < 350 cellules/μL), une supplémentation en micronutriments chez les PVVIH dès que la séropositivité du VIH est déclarée.EVALUATION OF MICRONUTRIENTS (VITAMINS A, E), HEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PROFILES IN PEOPLE LIVING WITH THE HUMAN IMMUNO-DEFICIENCY VIRUS ABSTRACT Our work aims to assess the micronutrient status (trace elements, vitamin A and E) and determine the haematological and biochemical profiles of patients living with HIV at the Pasteur Institute of Côte d'Ivoire. This is a prospective experimental study described in a cohort of 173 HIV- positive adult subjects (HIV positive pregnant women were excluded from this study). The controls consist of HIV-negative subjects. After confirmation of HIV status (RDT) of subjects included, the total patient blood collected in EDTA tubes was used for counting CD4 lymphocyte flow cytometry (FacsCalibur) and the realization of the Count Blood Count (CBC) on Sysmex XT 1800i. Analysis of vitamins A and E was made possible by assaying serum from different blood samples positive and HIV-negative subjects high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC ). The average age highlighted in this study was 37 years and the age group most exposed to the ravages of this disease is that of 26-49 years. The most frequent abnormality was anemia with a predominance of normochromic normocytic anemia. However, the high presence of isolated macrocytosis was found. Severe anemia found only PLHIV is an indicator of strong immunosuppression. This study revealed a significant deficiency in micronutrients such as vitamins A and E in HIV- positive patients compared to HIV negative (P < 0.0001) controls. Biochemical abnormalities showed a phosphocalcic disturbance and abnormal lipid fractions especially a lowering of HDL cholesterol in patients infected with a consequent increase in the atherogenic index (AI). At the end of this study, it would also be wise to associate with the triple therapy (for CD4 count < 350 cells /uL), micronutrient supplementation in HIV positive when HIV seropositivity is declared

Assessments of serum copper and zinc concentration, and the Cu/Zn ratio determination in patients with multidrug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Côte d’Ivoire

Abstract Background In Côte d’Ivoire, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a serious public health problem with a prevalence estimated at 2.5% in 2006. Zinc and copper are essential Trace element needed to strengthen the immune system and also useful in the fight against tuberculosis. The Cu / Zn ratio is a good indicator of oxidative stress. The principal aim of this study was to evaluate the serum concentration of some trace element and determine the Cu / Zn ratio in patients with multidrug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (MDR-TB) before and after second line treatment of TB. Methods Blood samples were obtained from 100 MDR-TB patients after confirmation of their status through the microscopic and molecular diagnosis of resistance to Isoniazid and Rifampicin by GeneXpert. The concentration level of zinc and copper were determined using flame air / acetylene atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) Type Varian Spectr AA-20 Victoria, Australlia. Results A significant decrease in zinc levels (P < 0.05) and an increased Cu / Zn ratio (P < 0.05) was observed in MDR-TB patients compared to controls TB free. During treatment a significant reduction in Cu / Zn ratio (P < 0.05) was observed compared to the initial result. Conclusions The decrease in serum zinc level and the high Cu / Zn ratio could explain the immune system dysfunction and the high level of oxidative stress in patients with MDR-TB. Therefore the evaluation of the zinc and copper status could represent essential parameters in monitoring of TB second line treatment for better treatment management