Job and Worker Turnover in German Establishments

We use a simple regression-based approach to measure the relationship between employment growth, hirings and separations in a large panel of German establishments over the period 1993-2009. Although the average level of hiring and separation is much lower in Germany than in the US, as expected, we find that the relationship between employment growth and worker flows in German establishments is very similar to the behaviour of US establishments described in Davis, Faberman & Haltiwanger (2006, 2011), and quite different to the behaviour of French establishments described in Abowd, Corbel & Kramarz (1999). The relationship is very stable over time, even during the most recent economic crisis, and across different types of establishment.job turnover, worker turnover, hirings and separations

Towards a debugging tutor for object-oriented environments

Programming has provided a rich domain for Artificial Intelligence in Education and many systems have been developed to advise students about the bugs in their programs, either during program development or post-hoc. Surprisingly few systems have been developed specifically to teach debugging. Learning environment builders have assumed that either the student will be taught these elsewhere or thatthey will be learnt piecemeal without explicit advice.This paper reports on two experiments on Java debugging strategy by novice programmers and discusses their implications for the design of a debugging tutor for Java that pays particular attention to how students use the variety of program representations available. The experimental results are in agreement with research in the area that suggests that good debugging performance is associated with a balanced use ofthe available representations and a sophisticated use of the debugging step facility which enables programmers to detect and obtain information from critical momentsin the execution of the program. A balanced use of the available representations seemsto be fostered by providing representations with a higher degree of dynamic linkingas well as by explicit instruction about the representation formalism employed in the program visualisations

The Takeover and Selection Effects of Foreign Ownership in Germany : An Analysis Using Linked Worker-Firm Data

We use a linked employer-employee data set from Germany to estimate the wage effect of foreign-affiliates in East and West Germany. In addition, the wage effects of the large number of West German affiliates which are located in East Germany are also considered. The implemented techniques allow us to control both for worker- and plant-level unobserved components of earnings. We find large selection effects both in terms of worker and firm unobserved components of wages. The selection effect is larger for East German plants. Once it is taken into account, the genuine takeover effect is small and in some cases insignificantly different from zero. In contrast to the selection effect, the takeover effect is slightly larger in West Germany, where it amounts to 2.7 %. -- Mit einem deutschen kombinierten Betriebs-Beschäftigten-Datensatz wird analysiert, ob Betriebe im ausländischen Eigentum höhere Löhne zahlen. Auch werden Lohndifferentiale von ostdeutschen Betrieben in westdeutschem Eigentum untersucht. Die verwendeten Schätzmethoden erlauben es, für jeweils unbeobachtbare Personen- und Betriebsheterogenitäten zu kontrollieren. Bezüglich beider Komponenten werden große Selektionseffekte gefunden, wobei diese für ostdeutsche Betriebe größer sind. Der verbleibende (wahre) Übernahmeeffekt ist gering und teilweise nicht signifikant von Null verschieden. Im Gegensatz zum Selektionseffekt ist der Übernahmeeffekt etwas größer für Westdeutschland, wo er 2,7% beträgt.foreign ownership,wages,linked employer-employee data

Stochastic Search for Semiparametric Linear Regression Models

This paper introduces and analyzes a stochastic search method for parameter estimation in linear regression models in the spirit of Beran and Millar (1987). The idea is to generate a random finite subset of a parameter space which will automatically contain points which are very close to an unknown true parameter. The motivation for this procedure comes from recent work of Duembgen, Samworth and Schuhmacher (2011) on regression models with log-concave error distributions.Comment: Technical report 75, IMSV, University of Ber

Paper Session III-B - The Space Test Program, A Case for Dedicated Research, Development, Test and Evaluation in Space

Soon after the first space launches, it became apparent that space systems could provide unique services; but how would new space technologies and concepts be developed and tested? In 1966, the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) established the Space Test Program (STP) for which the Department of the Air Force was named the executive agent. STP is chartered to provide space flight opportunities for DoD relevant science and technology experiments lacking other means of space flight. From 1967 to the present, STP has provided space flight for more than 370 research and development payloads in a cost effective manner using various methods including: unique satellites on dedicated expendable rockets, the Space Shuttle, and secondary opportunities on larger missions. STP has enhanced DoD operability by: improving operational and pre-operational designs, applying needed capabilities prior to the existence of operational systems, reducing the development risk for pre-operational payloads, increasing knowledge of the space environment and discovering unanticipated benefits. The execution of the STP mission has been shown to be a better, faster, cheaper means of enhancing DoD space technologies

The Price of Snow: Albedo Valuation and a Case Study for Forest Management

Several climate frameworks have included the role of carbon storage in natural landscapes as a potential mechanism for climate change mitigation. This has resulted in an incentive to grow and maintain intact long-lived forest ecosystems. However, recent research has suggested that the influence of albedo-related radiative forcing can impart equal and in some cases greater magnitudes of climate mitigation compared to carbon storage in forests where snowfall is common and biomass is slow-growing. While several methodologies exist for relating albedo-associated radiative forcing to carbon storage for the analysis of the tradeoffs of these ecosystem services, they are varied, and they have yet to be contrasted in a case study with implications for future forest management. Here we utilize four methodologies for calculating a shadow price for albedo radiative forcing and apply the resulting eight prices to an ecological and economic forest model to examine the effects on optimal rotation periods on two different forest stands in the White Mountain National Forest in New Hampshire, USA. These pricing methodologies produce distinctly different shadow prices of albedo, varying from a high of 9.36 × 10−4 and a low of 1.75 × 10−5 $w−1yr−1 in the initial year, to a high of 0.019 and a low of 3.55 × 10−4$w−1yr−1 in year 200 of the simulation. When implemented in the forest model, optimal rotation periods also varied considerably, from a low of 2 to a high of 107 years for a spruce-fir stand and from 35 to 80 years for a maple-beech-birch stand. Our results suggest that the choice of climate metrics and pricing methodologies for use with forest albedo alter albedo prices considerably, may substantially adjust optimal rotation period length, and therefore may have consequences with respect to forest land cover change