Predictors of Physical Activity on a College Campus with a High Proportion of Non-traditional Students

Background and purpose: Given the problem of obesity, physical inactivity and sedentary lifestyles among college students in the US, this study presents demographic, psychosocial, personal and environmental predictors of physical activity (PA) on an individual college campus with a high percentage of non-traditional students. Methods: The National College Health Assessment (NCHA) survey was completed by college students at a large Northwestern university [N = 949; Male = 292 (31.1%); female = 647 (68.9%); mean age = 26.5 (SD = 9.0) years] during Fall 2011. Results: Sixty-eight percent of participants did not meet both moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and strength exercise (SE) recommendations. Good perceived health status and on-campus housing status were associated with a higher probability of meeting the MVPA and SE recommendations (p <.05), with the former also predictive of SE. High Interest in PA, high PA knowledge, low stress, male gender and young age explained additional variance in meeting the SE recommendation (p <.05). Conclusion: Most students did not participate in the recommended level of MVPA and SE. On this campus, efforts directed to increasing PA knowledge might facilitate an increase in SE. Efforts to promote exercise as a stress reliever may also increase SE participation

Impressões de pacientes, médicos e estudantes de Medicina quanto a aparência dos médicos

ResumoObjetivoInvestigar as impressões causadas em pacientes, estudantes de Medicina e médicos brasileiros por diferentes estilos de vestimenta e aparência adotados pelos médicos.MétodosParticiparam da pesquisa 259 pacientes, 119 estudantes e 99 médicos, respondendo questões relativas a um painel de fotos de médico e médica vestidos nos seguintes estilos: roupa branca, avental branco, avental social, formal, informal, casual e centro cirúrgico. Eles ainda registraram seu grau de desconforto frente uma lista de 20 itens de aparência para profissionais de ambos os sexos.ResultadoA maioria das respostas dos voluntários envolveu o uso de roupa branca ou avental branco, e em muitas questões os percentuais de preferência referidos para esses estilos foram muito próximos. Médicos e estudantes preferiram profissionais em traje de centro cirúrgico para consultas de urgência, e o estilo informal para discutir problemas psicológicos com profissional masculino. Os pacientes escolheram mais frequentemente a roupa branca em resposta às questões. No tocante aos profissionais masculinos, os três grupos referiram elevado grau de incômodo para o uso de shorts e bermudas, muitos anéis, piercing facial, sandálias, cabelos de cor extravagante, cabelos compridos e brincos. Para o sexo feminino, níveis elevados de desconforto foram assinalados para shorts, blusas mostrando a barriga, piercing facial, bermudas, muitos anéis, cabelos de cor extravagante e maquiagem carregada.ConclusãoPacientes, médicos e estudantes de Medicina brasileiros desenvolvem melhor impressão inicial de médicos que utilizam trajes tradicionalmente associados com a profissão e de aparência mais convencional. O uso da vestimenta inteiramente branca parece ser opção satisfatória no Brasil.AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the impressions made by different styles of dress and appearance adopted by physicians on patients, medical students and other physicians in Brazil.MethodsTwo hundred fifty nine patients, 119 students, and 99 physicians answered questions related to a panel of male and female physicians’ pictures covering the following styles: white clothing; white coat; formal, informal, and casual garments; and surgical scrubs. They also reported their level of discomfort with a list of 20 items for professional appearance of both genders.ResultsMost of the answers of the volunteers involved using white clothes or white coat, and in many situations the percentages of preference referred for these styles were close. Physicians and students preferred physicians wearing surgical scrubs for emergency visits, and doctors with informal style for discussing psychological problems with male professionals. Patients most often chose white clothing in response to questions. Regarding male professionals, all three groups reported high degree of discomfort for the use of shorts and bermuda shorts, multiple rings, facial piercing, sandals, extravagant hair color, long hair, and earrings. For females, high levels of discomfort were reported to shorts, blouses exposing the belly, facial piercing, multiple rings, extravagant hair color, and heavy makeup.ConclusionBrazilian patients, physicians, and medical students form a better initial impression of physicians using clothing traditionally associated with the profession and exhibiting more conventional appearance. The use of entirely white garments appears to be a satisfactory option in this country

Perceptions of patients, physicians, and medical students on physicians’ appearance*

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the impressions made by different styles of dress and appearance adopted by physicians on patients, medical students, and other physicians in Brazil.MethodsTwo hundred fifty nine patients, 119 students, and 99 physicians answered questions related to a panel of male and female physicians’ pictures covering the following styles: white clothing; white coat; formal coat; formal, informal, and casual garments; and surgical scrubs. They also reported their level of discomfort with a list of 20 items for professional appearance of both genders.ResultsMost of the answers of the volunteers involved using white clothes or white coat, and in many situations the percentages of preference referred for these styles were close. Physicians and students preferred physicians wearing surgical scrubs for emergency visits, and doctors with informal style for discussing psychological problems with male professionals. Patients most often chose white clothing in response to questions. Regarding male professionals, all three groups reported a high degree of discomfort for the use of shorts and bermuda shorts, multiple rings, facial piercings, sandals, extravagant hair color, long hair, and earrings. For females, high levels of discomfort were reported for shorts, blouses exposing the belly, facial piercings, multiple rings, extravagant hair color, and heavy makeup.ConclusionBrazilian patients, physicians, and medical students form a better initial impression of physicians using clothing traditionally associated with the profession and exhibiting a more conventional appearance. The use of entirely white garments appears to be a satisfactory option in this country

Training for team-based care: Development of a continuing education curriculum for general practice pharmacists in australia

© 2020 FIP. Background: The integration of pharmacists into primary care and general practice teams is expanding. Equipping pharmacists with the skills and knowledge to perform as part of a primary care team will facilitate this expanded scope of practice. Aim: This paper describes the rationale and approach for the development of a competency aligned curriculum of a postgraduate pharmacist education programme in Australia. Methods: The authors describe an evidence-based approach to curriculum development including establishing an educational programme advisory committee, consultation with an expert panel of pharmacy practice educators, and mapping of curriculum to both learning outcomes and competency standards. Conclusions: The curriculum design approach ensures the programme is designed to provide pharmacists with the skills, training and knowledge required to perform the General Practice pharmacist role. The education programme is due to be piloted in 2020, followed by an evaluation to allow further adjustment and improvement of the course design

Transcriptional profiling of eosinophil subsets in interleukin-5 transgenic mice

Eosinophils are important in fighting parasitic infections and are implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma and allergy. IL-5 is a critical regulator of eosinophil development, controlling proliferation, differentiation, and maturation of the lineage. Mice that constitutively express IL-5 have in excess of 10-fold more eosinophils in the hematopoietic organs than their wild type (WT) counterparts. We have identified that much of this expansion is in a population of Siglec-F high eosinophils, which are rare in WT mice. In this study, we assessed transcription in myeloid progenitors, eosinophil precursors, and Siglec-F medium and Siglec-F high eosinophils from IL-5 transgenic mice and in doing so have created a useful resource for eosinophil biologists. We have then utilized these populations to construct an eosinophil trajectory based on gene expression and to identify gene sets that are associated with eosinophil lineage progression. Cell cycle genes were significantly associated with the trajectory, and we experimentally demonstrate an increasing trend toward quiescence along the trajectory. Additionally, we found gene expression changes associated with constitutive IL-5 signaling in eosinophil progenitors, many of which were not observed in eosinophils

Deletion of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2 from the Peri-Wolffian Duct Stroma Leads to Ureteric Induction Abnormalities and Vesicoureteral Reflux

Purpose: Pax3cre-mediated deletion of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (Fgfr2) broadly in renal and urinary tract mesenchyme led to ureteric bud (UB) induction defects and vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), although the mechanisms were unclear. Here, we investigated whether Fgfr2 acts specifically in peri-Wolffian duct stroma (ST) to regulate UB induction and development of VUR and the mechanisms of Fgfr2 activity. Methods: We conditionally deleted Fgfr2 in ST (Fgfr2 ST-/- ) using Tbx18cre mice. To look for ureteric bud induction defects in young embryos, we assessed length and apoptosis of common nephric ducts (CNDs). We performed 3D reconstructions and histological analyses of urinary tracts of embryos and postnatal mice and cystograms in postnatal mice to test for VUR. We performed in situ hybridization and real-time PCR in young embryos to determine mechanisms underlying UB induction defects. Results: We confirmed that Fgfr2 is expressed in ST and that Fgfr2 was efficiently deleted in this tissue in Fgfr2 ST-/- mice at embryonic day (E) 10.5. E11.5 Fgfr2 ST-/- mice had randomized UB induction sites with approximately 1/3 arising too high and 1/3 too low from the Wolffian duct; however, apoptosis was unaltered in E12.5 mutant CNDs. While ureters were histologically normal, E15.5 Fgfr2 ST-/- mice exhibit improper ureteral insertion sites into the bladder, consistent with the ureteric induction defects. While ureter and bladder histology appeared normal, postnatal day (P) 1 mutants had high rates of VUR versus controls (75% versus 3%, p = 0.001) and occasionally other defects including renal hypoplasia and duplex systems. P1 mutant mice also had improper ureteral bladder insertion sites and shortened intravesicular tunnel lengths that correlated with VUR. E10.5 Fgfr2 ST-/- mice had decreases in Bmp4 mRNA in stromal tissues, suggesting a mechanism underlying the ureteric induction and VUR phenotypes. Conclusion: Mutations in FGFR2 could possibly cause VUR in humans. © 2013 Walker et al

Antibodies against insulin measured by electrochemiluminescence predicts insulitis severity and disease onset in non-obese diabetic mice and can distinguish human type 1 diabetes status

Abstract Background The detection of insulin autoantibodies (IAA) aids in the prediction of autoimmune diabetes development. However, the long-standing, gold standard 125I-insulin radiobinding assay (RBA) has low reproducibility between laboratories, long sample processing times and requires the use of newly synthesized radiolabeled insulin for each set of assays. Therefore, a rapid, non-radioactive, and reproducible assay is highly desirable. Methods We have developed electrochemiluminescence (ECL)-based assays that fulfill these criteria in the measurement of IAA and anti-insulin antibodies (IA) in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice and in type 1 diabetic individuals, respectively. Using the murine IAA ECL assay, we examined the correlation between IAA, histopathological insulitis, and blood glucose in a cohort of female NOD mice from 4 up to 36 weeks of age. We developed a human IA ECL assay that we compared to conventional RBA and validated using samples from 34 diabetic and 59 non-diabetic individuals in three independent laboratories. Results Our ECL assays were rapid and sensitive with a broad dynamic range and low background. In the NOD mouse model, IAA levels measured by ECL were positively correlated with insulitis severity, and the values measured at 8-10 weeks of age were predictive of diabetes onset. Using human serum and plasma samples, our IA ECL assay yielded reproducible and accurate results with an average sensitivity of 84% at 95% specificity with no statistically significant difference between laboratories. Conclusions These novel, non-radioactive ECL-based assays should facilitate reliable and fast detection of antibodies to insulin and its precursors sera and plasma in a standardized manner between laboratories in both research and clinical settings. Our next step is to evaluate the human IA assay in the detection of IAA in prediabetic subjects or those at risk of type 1 diabetes and to develop similar assays for other autoantibodies that together are predictive for the diagnosis of this common disorder, in order to improve prediction and facilitate future therapeutic trials.RIGHTS : This article is licensed under the BioMed Central licence at http://www.biomedcentral.com/about/license which is similar to the 'Creative Commons Attribution Licence'. In brief you may : copy, distribute, and display the work; make derivative works; or make commercial use of the work - under the following conditions: the original author must be given credit; for any reuse or distribution, it must be made clear to others what the license terms of this work are