ベトナム ニ オケル ケイザイ モンダイ

ベトナムの社会経済開発計画であるドイモイを通じて、貧困は大きく減少した。しかしながら民衆間の格差は拡大し、この格差がドイモイの目標達成に障害となりつつある。また安定に対する潜在的で重要なリスクも存在しており、社会や環境の分野と同時に、経済や金融の分野においてもこの種の障害が顕在化しつつある。The most impressive socio-economic development results have so far come from the more fundamental doimoi reforms in the early 1990s. Growth in the agricultural and other rural sectors throughout the 1990s fueled by such fundamental reforms has had by far the greatest impact on poverty reduction to date, and was clearly the main reason for the dramatic reduction in poverty rates New data point out some possible setbacks, widening gaps in human well-being and a number of emerging challenges toward the achievement of other goals. Recent data and analysis also highlight some potentially serious emerging risks to the sustainability of Viet Nam\u27s development process. Challenges are emerging on the economic and financial front, as well as in the social and environmental area

Enabling non-linear energy harvesting in power domain based multiple access in relaying networks: Outage and ergodic capacity performance analysis

The Power Domain-based Multiple Access (PDMA) scheme is considered as one kind of Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) in green communications and can support energy-limited devices by employing wireless power transfer. Such a technique is known as a lifetime-expanding solution for operations in future access policy, especially in the deployment of power-constrained relays for a three-node dual-hop system. In particular, PDMA and energy harvesting are considered as two communication concepts, which are jointly investigated in this paper. However, the dual-hop relaying network system is a popular model assuming an ideal linear energy harvesting circuit, as in recent works, while the practical system situation motivates us to concentrate on another protocol, namely non-linear energy harvesting. As important results, a closed-form formula of outage probability and ergodic capacity is studied under a practical non-linear energy harvesting model. To explore the optimal system performance in terms of outage probability and ergodic capacity, several main parameters including the energy harvesting coefficients, position allocation of each node, power allocation factors, and transmit signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are jointly considered. To provide insights into the performance, the approximate expressions for the ergodic capacity are given. By matching analytical and Monte Carlo simulations, the correctness of this framework can be examined. With the observation of the simulation results, the figures also show that the performance of energy harvesting-aware PDMA systems under the proposed model can satisfy the requirements in real PDMA applications.Web of Science87art. no. 81

Integrated Cross Sections of the Photo-Neutron Reactions Induced on 197^{197}Au with 60 MeV\text{MeV} Bremsstrahlung

Abstract. Seven photo-neutron reactions 197Au(γ,xn)197-xAu (with x=1-7) produced by the bremsstrahlung end-point energy of 60 MeV were identified. In this work, we focus on the measurement of integrated sections. Experiments were carried out based on the activation method in combination with off-line gamma-ray spectrometric technique. The integrated cross sections of the investigated reactions were determined relative to that of the monitoring reaction 197Au(γ,n)196Au. To validate the experimental results, theoretical predictions were also made using the computer code TALYS 1.9. The current integrated cross-sections of the 197Au(γ,xn)197-xAu reactions with 60 MeV bremsstrahlung end point energy are measured for the first time

Occurrence, Toxicity and Adsorptive Removal of the Chloramphenicol Antibiotic in Water: A Review

Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum bacterial antibiotic used against conjunctivitis, meningitis, plague, cholera, and typhoid fever. As a consequence, chloramphenicol ends up polluting the aquatic environment, wastewater treatment plants, and hospital wastewaters, thus disrupting ecosystems and inducing microbial resistance. Here, we review the occurrence, toxicity, and removal of chloramphenicol with emphasis on adsorption techniques. We present the adsorption performance of adsorbents such as biochar, activated carbon, porous carbon, metal-organic framework, composites, zeolites, minerals, molecularly imprinted polymers, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The effect of dose, pH, temperature, initial concentration, and contact time is discussed. Adsorption is controlled by π-π interactions, donor-acceptor interactions, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interactions. We also discuss isotherms, kinetics, thermodynamic data, selection of eluents, desorption efficiency, and regeneration of adsorbents. Porous carbon-based adsorbents exhibit excellent adsorption capacities of 500-1240 mg

Formation, Antimicrobial Activity, and Biomedical Performance of Plant-Based Nanoparticles: A Review

Because many engineered nanoparticles are toxic, there is a need for methods to fabricate safe nanoparticles such as plant-based nanoparticles. Indeed, plant extracts contain flavonoids, amino acids, proteins, polysaccharides, enzymes, polyphenols, steroids, and reducing sugars that facilitate the reduction, formation, and stabilization of nanoparticles. Moreover, synthesizing nanoparticles from plant extracts is fast, safe, and cost-effective because it does not consume much energy, and non-toxic derivatives are generated. These nanoparticles have diverse and unique properties of interest for applications in many fields. Here, we review the synthesis of metal/metal oxide nanoparticles with plant extracts. These nanoparticles display antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, and antioxidant properties. Plant-based nanoparticles are also useful for medical diagnosis and drug delivery

Capacity to Serve in Training Activities of Higher Education Institutions, Experimental Assessment at the University of Labor and Social Affairs

Following the research approach and design, we clarified the stated objectives. The article evaluates the current situation and service capacity in training activities of higher education institutions. Presenting survey results from 176 learners on the service capacity of staff and lecturers in training activities at the University of Labor and Social Affairs. Based on the survey results, we found that the service capacity of the University of Labor and Social Affairs is highly appreciated by learners. However, there are still some opinions that do not agree with the school's service capacity. These learners believe that the service attitude of some officials and lecturers is not as good as expected. Many learners do not receive timely support in learning activities. They had to wait or contact many times to receive support from the service department during their studies at the University of Labor and Social Affairs. The results of this analysis are very important in proposing solutions to improve the quality and service capacity for learners. We believe that improving service capacity in training activities requires many simultaneous solutions. The solutions we propose include: Organizing professional training for service staff; Assign work professionally and in accordance with staff capacity; Creating learning conditions for trained and retrained staff to improve their professional qualifications; Applying a measurement scale to evaluate service capacity and focusing on building and implementing serious staff and lecturer recruitment policies