fixed_loci_index

Fixed loci (1567 in total) on distinct alleles in the two sample locations. Each element in this file is an index of a SNP in "allSNP.vcf"

allSNP

SNP data (5985 SNPs in total) discovered from both herring populations in vcf 4.1 forma

SNP matrix

SNP matrix produced from the .vcf genotype calling file by VCFTOOL

herring_details

Office 2010 excel format table of details concerning the BLAST analysis for the study "High degree of cryptic population differentiation in the Baltic Sea herring Clupea harengus". The table columns include "RAD_id", "Reference", "E-value", "Similarity" and "Sample sequence in FASTA". The calculated values are collected with Blast2GO program. For additional descriptions, see README.txt

Further Studies of Mechanical Damage on Machine-Harvested Cotton Fiber via Coupling Effect of Moisture Regains and Low Temperature

Cotton is a crucial raw material for the textile industry, and the quality of its initial product greatly affects the properties of the yarn and fabric. However, the impact of low temperature and moisture regain during ginning on the mechanical properties has not been extensively studied. This paper aims to address this gap by designing and analyzing a strategy for evaluating the mechanical properties of machine-harvested cotton fibers pretreated at different moisture regain levels and temperatures. Regression models for the relationship between temperature and mechanical properties under different moisture regain conditions were also established, showing good consistency. Additionally, the study examines the mechanical damage mechanism of cotton fibers during the harvesting and ginning process by observing the fiber fracture interface of different samples. Especially, those with low moisture regain exhibit a V-type fracture, while those with high moisture regain display significant fibrils exposed on the fiber body, resulting in a tearing morphology at the fracture interface. In conclusion, this study provides theoretical support for optimizing the harvesting process in cotton processing enterprises in terms of moisture regain and low temperature and makes a significant toward sustainable cotton fiber harvesting and processing technology.</p

The evaluation of the quality of Feng Huang Oolong teas and their modulatory effect on intestinal microbiota of high-fat diet-induced obesity mice model

<p>The variations in the contents of tea catechins and free amino acids in relation to the quality of Fenghuang Oolong teas (FOT) were determined. It demonstrated that in FOT, which were grown at a high altitude, the contents of methylated estered tea catechins were relatively higher. By human flora-associated (HFA) mice model, the effect of FOT on high-fat diet-induced obesity was investigated by high-throughput sequencing. The shifts in relative abundance of the dominant taxa at the phylum, family and genus levels showed their dramatically effects. A large increase in <i>Bacteroidetes</i> with decrease of <i>Firmicutes</i> was observed after the administration of FOT for 8 weeks. Together, these results suggest that FOT are rich in tea catechins, especially <i>O</i>-methylated tea catechin derivatives, which may be affected by the unique growth environment, and FOT may have prebiotic-like activity and can be used as functional food components in manipulating intestinal microbiota.</p

Genetic Variation of ITGB3 Is Associated with Asthma in Chinese Han Children

<div><p>Previous studies have demonstrated that integrins are involved in the aetiology of asthma. Several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the integrin β3 (ITGB3) gene are significantly associated with asthma in Western populations. Given the important roles of environmental exposures in the development of asthma, we evaluated the associations between six SNPs in ITGB3 and asthma in Chinese Han children. A total of 321 unrelated Chinese children with asthma and 315 healthy children were recruited for the study. SNP genotyping was performed by high-resolution melting analysis (HRM). The selected SNPs were well genotyped by HRM, and SNP rs3809865 in the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of ITGB3 was found to be strongly associated with asthma (adjusted <i>p</i> = 0.004). The minor allele of rs3809865 showed a protective effect against asthma (OR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.43–0.8). The seed regions of two miRNAs (hsa-mir-124 and hsa-mir-506) were predicted to bind to the sequence containing rs3809865 by TargetScan and PITA. Luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that the T allele of rs3809865 was more efficiently targeted by hsa-mir-124 than was the A allele, which suggested that rs3809865 could affect the binding of hsa-mir-124 to ITGB3. Furthermore, the transfection of A549 cells with hsa-mir-124 resulted in the downregulation of ITGB3 expression. Our results revealed that rs3809865 was significantly associated with asthma due to its effect on the binding of hsa-mir-124 to ITGB3.</p> </div

Polycation‑<i>b</i>-Polyzwitterion Copolymer Grafted Luminescent Carbon Dots As a Multifunctional Platform for Serum-Resistant Gene Delivery and Bioimaging

Nanomaterials that integrate functions of imaging and gene delivery have been of great interest due to their potential use in simultaneous diagnosis and therapy. Herein, polycation-<i>b</i>-polysulfobetaine block copolymer, poly­[2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate]-<i>b</i>-poly­[<i>N</i>-(3-(methacryloylamino) propyl)-<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethyl-<i>N</i>-(3-sulfopropyl) ammonium hydroxide] (PDMAEMA-<i>b</i>-PMPDSAH) grafted luminescent carbon dots (CDs) were prepared via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and investigated as a multifunctional gene delivery system (denoted as CD-PDMA-PMPD) in which the CD cores acted as good multicolor cell imaging probes, the cationic PDMAEMA acted as a DNA condensing agent, and the outer shell of zwitterionic PMPDSAH block protected the vector against nonspecific interactions with serum components. As revealed by the fluorescent spectrum study, the photoluminescent attributes, especially the tunable emission property, were well inherited from the parent CDs. The CD-PDMA-PMPD could condense plasmid DNA into nanospheres with sizes of approximate 50 nm at a proper complex ratio, posing little cytotoxicity at higher ratios. It was shown that the hybrid vector exhibited significantly suppressed BSA protein adsorption and superior hemocompatibility compared to those of the widely used PEI25k. In the in vitro transfection assay, an increased serum concentration from 10 to 50% caused a dramatic drop in PEI25k transfection performance, whereas the transfection efficiency of CD-PDMA-PMPD was well maintained; CD-PDMA80-PMPD40 showed 13 and 28 times higher transfection efficiencies than PEI25k at 30 and 50% serum concentration, respectively. Intriguingly, the carbon dots in the transfected cells displayed excitation-dependent fluorescent emissions, portending that this polycation-polyzwitterion modified CD will be a promising theranostic vector with excellent stealth performance

The basic characteristics of the cases and controls.

<p>The basic characteristics of the cases and controls.</p

Predicted binding of hsa-mir-124 and hsa-mir-506 to 3′UTR of ITGB3.

<p>The bold letters represented the predicted consequential pairing of target region and miRNA. Rs3809865-T represented T allele of this SNP and rs3809865-A represented A allele. The two-way arrow indicated the location of rs3809865 in ITGB3. The minimum free energy (MFE) were calculated by RNAhybrid (<a href="http://bibiserv.techfak.uni-bielefeld.de/rnahybrid/" target="_blank">http://bibiserv.techfak.uni-bielefeld.de/rnahybrid/</a>).</p