Off-line setup corrections only marginally reduce the number of on-line corrections for prostate radiotherapy using implanted gold markers.

Contains fulltext : 81474.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficiency of combining on-line and off-line corrections for the positioning of patients receiving external beam radiotherapy for prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Daily portal images were acquired during the treatment of 102 patients to verify and correct the position of the prostatic gland using implanted gold markers. In addition to an existing off-line procedure, on-line corrections were applied in the anterior-posterior (AP) direction only, to limit the increase in daily workload. The possible increase in workload of the combined correction procedure for on-line corrections in either two or three directions was further investigated by simulating the required position corrections for 500 treatments. RESULTS: The combined correction procedure in AP-direction resulted in a systematic dispersion and random variation of 0.3mm (1 SD) and 1.0mm (1 SD), respectively. Application of off-line corrections during pre-treatment setup reduced the number of required on-line corrections from 22+/-4 (1 SD) to 17+/-4 (1 SD), at the cost of 1.4+/-1.0 (1 SD) off-line corrections. For on-line corrections in two or three directions, application of a combined on-line/off-line procedure did not noticeably reduce the number of setup corrections. CONCLUSIONS: The on-line procedure is feasible and significantly improves both systematic and random errors to below 1 mm with a limited impact on the workload and treatment time. The application of off-line setup corrections during pre-treatment patient positioning only marginally reduces the number of on-line setup corrections

An endorectal balloon reduces intrafraction prostate motion during radiotherapy.

Item does not contain fulltextPURPOSE: To investigate the effect of endorectal balloons (ERBs) on intrafraction and interfraction prostate motion during radiotherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Thirty patients were treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy, to a total dose of 80 Gy in 40 fractions. In 15 patients, a daily-inserted air-filled ERB was applied. Prostate motion was tracked, in real-time, using an electromagnetic tracking system. Interfraction displacements, measured before each treatment, were quantified by calculating the systematic and random deviations of the center of mass of the implanted transponders. Intrafraction motion was analyzed in timeframes of 150 s, and displacements >1 mm, >3 mm, >5 mm, and >7 mm were determined in the anteroposterior, left-right, and superoinferior direction, and for the three-dimensional (3D) vector. Manual table corrections, made during treatment sessions, were retrospectively undone. RESULTS: A total of 576 and 567 tracks have been analyzed in the no-ERB group and ERB group, respectively. Interfraction variation was not significantly different between both groups. After 600 s, 95% and 98% of the treatments were completed in the respective groups. Significantly fewer table corrections were performed during treatment fractions with ERB: 88 vs. 207 (p = 0.02). Intrafraction motion was significantly reduced with ERB. During the first 150 s, only negligible deviations were observed, but after 150 s, intrafraction deviations increased with time. This resulted in cumulative percentages of 3D-vector deviations >1 mm, >3 mm, >5 mm, and >7 mm that were 57.7%, 7.0%, 0.7%, and 0.3% in the ERB-group vs. 70.2%, 18.1%, 4.6%, and 1.4% in the no-ERB group after 600 s. The largest reductions in the ERB group were observed in the AP direction. These data suggest that a 5 mm CTV-to-PTV margin is sufficient to correct for intrafraction prostate movements when using an ERB. CONCLUSIONS: ERB significantly reduces intrafraction prostate motion, but not interfraction variation, and may in particular be beneficial for treatment sessions longer than 150 s

Relation of burnout with lack of time for being with significant others, role conflict, cohesion, and self-confidence among norwegian olympic athletes

For specific radiation therapy (RT) treatments, it is advantageous to use the isocenter-to-couch distance (ICD) for initial patient setup.(1) Since sagging of the treatment couch is not properly taken into account by the electronic readout of the treatment machine, this readout cannot be used for initial patient positioning using the isocenter-to-couch distance (ICD). Therefore, initial patient positioning to the prescribed ICD has been carried out using a ruler prior to each treatment fraction in our institution. However, the ruler method is laborious and logging of data is not possible. The objective of this study is to replace the ruler-based setup of the couch height with an independent, user-friendly, optical camera-based method whereby the radiation technologists have to move only the couch to the correct couch height, which is visible on a display. A camera-based independent couch height measurement system (ICHS) was developed in cooperation with Panasonic Electric Works Western Europe. Clinical data showed that the ICHS is at least as accurate as the application of a ruler to verify the ICD. The camera-based inde-pendent couch height measurement system has been successfully implemented in seven treatment rooms, since 10 September 2012. The benefits of this system are a more streamlined workflow, reduction of human errors during initial patient setup, and logging of the actual couch height at the isocenter. Daily QA shows that the systems are stable and operate within the set 1 mm tolerance. Regular QA of the system is necessary to guarantee that the system works correctly

Optimal Normal Tissue Sparing in Craniospinal Axis Irradiation Using IMRT With Daily Intrafractionally Modulated Junction(s)

Item does not contain fulltextPURPOSE: To develop a treatment technique for craniospinal irradiation using intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with improved dose homogeneity at the field junction(s), increased target volume conformity, and minimized dose to the organs at risk (OARs). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Five patients with high-risk medulloblastoma underwent CT simulation in supine position. For each patient, an IMRT plan with daily intrafractionally modulated junction(s) was generated, as well as a treatment plan based on conventional three-dimensional planning (3DCRT). A dose of 39.6 Gy in 22 daily fractions of 1.8 Gy was prescribed. Dose-volume parameters for target volumes and OARs were compared for the two techniques. RESULTS: The maximum dose with IMRT was 107) were <1 cm(3) for IMRT compared with 3-9 cm(3) for the craniospinal and 26-43 cm(3) for the spinal-spinal junction with 3DCRT. These observations corresponded with a lower homogeneity index and a higher conformity index for the spinal planning target volume with IMRT. IMRT provided considerable sparing of acute and late reacting tissues. V(75) for the esophagus, gastroesophageal junction, and intestine was 81%, 81%, and 22% with 3DCRT versus 5%, 0%, and 1% with IMRT, respectively. V(75) for the heart and thyroid was 42% and 32% vs. 0% with IMRT. CONCLUSION: IMRT with daily intrafractionally modulated junction results in a superior target coverage and junction homogeneity compared with 3DCRT. A significant dose reduction can be obtained for acute as well as late-reacting tissues