The Effect of Live Yeast and Yeast Extracts on Growth Performance of Nursery Pigs Weaned from Sows Fed Diets with or without Yeast Additives

A total of 340 weaned pigs (241 × 600, DNA; initially 11.2 lb BW) were used in a 45-d study to evaluate previous sow treatment (control vs. yeast additives) and nursery diets with or without added yeast-based pre- and probiotics (Phileo by Lesaffre, Milwaukee, WI) on growth performance. At placement in the nursery, pigs were housed by pen based on previous sow treatment and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 dietary treatments with 5 pigs per pen and 17 replications per treatment. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial with main effects of sow treatment (control vs. yeast-based pre- and probiotic diet; 0.10% ActiSaf Sc 47 HR+ and 0.025% SafMannan) and nursery treatment (control vs. yeast-based pre- and probiotic diet; 0.10% ActiSaf Sc 47 HR+, 0.05% SafMannan, and 0.05% NucleoSaf from d 0 to 7, then concentrations were lowered by 50% from d 7 to 24). All pigs were fed a common diet from d 24 to 45 post-weaning. Progeny from sows fed diets with yeast additives had increased (P \u3c 0.05) ADG, ADFI, and BW from d 0 to 24 and d 0 to 45. However, pigs that were fed yeast additives in the nursery had an overall (d 0 to 45) tendency for reduced ADG (P = 0.079) and lighter ending BW (P = 0.086). In conclusion, offspring from sows fed a live yeast and yeast additives had increased ADG, ADFI, and BW. However, feeding live yeast and yeast additives only in the nursery tended to reduce ADG and ending BW

The Effect of Two Combinations of Direct Fed Microbials on Growth Performance of Nursery Pigs Weaned from Sows Fed Diets with or without Yeast Additives

A total of 330 weaned pigs (Line 241 × 600, DNA; initially 12.7 lb BW) were used in a 38-d nursery study to evaluate previous sow treatment (control vs. yeast additives) and nursery diets with different combinations of direct fed microbials (DFMs; Phileo by Lesaffre, Milwaukee, WI) on nursery pig growth performance. Pigs were placed in pens across two nursery rooms at weaning then pens were assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments with 6 pigs per pen and 8 to 10 replications per treatment. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial with main effects of sow treatment (control vs. yeast additives; 0.10% ActiSaf Sc 47 HR+ and 0.025% SafMannan) and nursery treatment (control; DFM 1, 0.05% of SafMannan from d 0 to 38 and NucleoSaf at 0.05% from d 0 to 10 and 0.025% from d 10 to 24; or DFM 2, 0.10% MicroSaf from d 0 to 38 and NucleoSaf at 0.05% from d 0 to 10 and 0.025% from d 10 to 24). Data were analyzed using linear mixed models using the nlme package of R with fixed effects of sow treatment, nursery treatment, and their interaction, and nursery room serving as the random effect. During the first ten days post-weaning, progeny of sows fed yeast additives had improved (P \u3c 0.05) ADG, ADFI, and G:F. In fact, while pigs weaned from sows fed yeast additives entered the nursery at a lighter (P \u3c 0.001) BW compared to pigs weaned from sows fed the control diet, by d 10 there was no difference (P \u3e 0.10) in BW between the two groups. Offspring from sows fed yeast additives tended to have improved (P = 0.069) overall F/G. Pigs fed DFM 2 had increased (P \u3c 0.05) ADG from d 24 to 38, and improved end of nursery BW compared to pigs fed the control diet. In conclusion, feeding yeast additives to sows had a positive impact on progeny growth in the early nursery, while the addition of DFMs in nursery diets had more impact on growth later in the nursery period

The Effect of Live Yeast and Yeast Extracts Included in Lactation Diets on Sow and Litter Performance

A total of 80 sows (Line 241; DNA Genetics) across three farrowing groups were used in a study to evaluate the effect of feeding live yeast and yeast extracts to lactating sows on sow and litter performance. Sows were blocked by BW and parity on d 110 of gestation and allotted to 1 of 2 dietary treatments. Dietary treatments consisted of a standard corn-soybean meal lactation diet or a diet that contained yeast-based preand probiotics (0.10% Actisaf Sc 47 HR+ and 0.025% SafMannan; Phileo by Lesaffre, Milwaukee, WI). Diets were fed from d 110 of gestation until weaning (approximately d 19). A tendency (P = 0.073) was observed for increased feed intake from farrowing to weaning when sows were fed a diet with yeast additives compared to the control diet. There was no evidence (P \u3e 0.10) that sow treatment influenced any other sow or litter performance criteria. In conclusion, feeding live yeast and yeast extracts tended to increase feed intake during lactation but did not influence other sow or litter performance measurements

Effects of Live Yeast and Yeast Extracts with and without Pharmacological Levels of Zinc on Nursery Pig Growth Performance and Fecal Consistency

A total of 360 weanling barrows (Line 200 × 400, DNA Genetics; initial BW 12.4 ± 0.05 lb) were used in a 42-d study to evaluate yeast-based pre- and probiotics (Phileo by Lesaffre, Milwaukee, WI) in diets with or without pharmacological levels of Zn on growth performance and fecal dry matter (DM). Pens were assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments with 5 pigs per pen and 18 pens per treatment. Dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial with main effects of live yeast-based pre- and probiotics (none vs. 0.10% ActiSaf Sc 47 HR+, 0.05% SafMannan, and 0.05% NucleoSaf from d 0 to 7, then concentrations were lowered by 50% from day 7 to 21) and pharmacological levels of Zn (110 vs. 3,000 ppm from d 0 to 7, and 2,000 ppm from d 7 to 21 provided by ZnO). All pigs were fed a common diet from d 21 to 42 post-weaning. There were no yeast × Zn interactions or effects due to yeast additives observed on any response criteria. From d 0 to 21 and d 0 to 42, pigs fed pharmacological levels of Zn had increased (P \u3c 0.001) ADG and ADFI. Fecal samples were collected on d 4, 21, and 42 from the same three pigs per pen for DM analysis. On d 4, pigs fed pharmacological levels of Zn had greater fecal DM (P = 0.043); however, no differences were observed on d 21 or 42. In conclusion, pharmacological levels of Zn increased ADG, ADFI, and d 4 post-weaning fecal DM. There was no response observed from live yeast and yeast extracts for any growth or fecal DM criteria

The Effect of Live Yeast Probiotics in Lactation Diets with and without a Yeast Prebiotic in Nursery Diets on Lifetime Growth Performance, Antibody Titers, and Carcass Characteristics

A total of 28 mixed parity sows (Line 241 DNA) and their offspring were used in a farrow-to-finish study to evaluate the effect of live yeast supplementation during lactation with or without yeast extract supplementation during the nursery period on sow and litter performance and lifetime growth performance, serum antibody titers, and carcass characteristics. Sows were blocked by parity and BW on d 110 of gestation and allotted to 1 of 2 dietary treatments which consisted of a standard corn-soybean meal lactation diet with or without yeast-based probiotics (0.10% Actisaf Sc 47 HR+; Phileo by Lesaffre, Milwaukee, WI). Following weaning, a total of 350 pigs (241 × 600 DNA; initially 13.5 ± 0.05 lb) were randomly assigned within sow treatment to 1 of 2 nursery diets which consisted of a control diet or a diet that contained yeast prebiotics (0.10% MS309; Phileo by Lesaffre, Milwaukee, WI) for 42 d after weaning (d 59 of age). After this time, two nursery pens of the same treatment were combined into one finishing pen and pigs were fed common diets until market. There were no significant effects of live yeast supplementation on lactation performance (P \u3e 0.079). A sow × nursery diet interaction (P = 0.024) was observed during the nursery period where pigs from sows fed Actisaf had improved ADG when fed the control nursery diet compared to pigs from control sows that were fed the control nursery diet. Pigs fed MS309 in the nursery from either sow treatment were intermediate. Pigs from Actisaf sows tended to be heavier at marketing (P = 0.067) with heavier HCW (P = 0.101) but there were no differences in overall finishing growth performance with the inclusion of live yeast in lactation diets or yeast prebiotics in nursery diets (P \u3e 0.100). Subsets of pigs were bled on d 22, 38, 50, 66, 78, 101, and 162 of age to determine porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae antibody sample-to-positive (S/P) ratios and on d 50, 66, 78, 101, and 162 of age to determine the percent inhibition of Lawsonia intracellularis. An S/P ratio is representative of antibodies present in the blood for that specific pathogen. There was a tendency for a sow diet × day interaction for the PCV2 S/P ratio (P = 0.097) where offspring from sows fed live yeast had higher PCV2 S/P ratios at 101 d of age compared to offspring from control sows (P = 0.046). There was a nursery diet × day interaction for the PCV2 S/P ratio (P = 0.036) where pigs fed MS309 during the nursery period had reduced PCV2 S/P ratios at 66, 78, and 162 d of age (P \u3c 0.022). In conclusion, feeding a yeast prebiotic in the nursery did not affect performance or immune parameters. Conversely, feeding a live yeast probiotic during lactation resulted in a tendency to improve ADG during the nursery period, final BW, and numerically improve HCW

The Effect of Live Yeast and Yeast Extracts on Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Fecal Escherichia coli of Nursery Pigs Weaned from Sows Fed Diets with or without Yeast Additives

A total of 340 weaned pigs (Line 241 × 600, DNA; initially 11.2 lb BW) were used in a 45-d study to evaluate previous sow treatment (control vs. yeast additives) and nursery diets with or without added yeast-based pre- and probiotics (Phileo by Lesaffre, Milwaukee, WI) on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns of fecal Escherichia coli. At placement in the nursery, pigs were housed by pen based on sow treatment and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 dietary treatments with 5 pigs per pen and 17 pens per treatment. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial with main effects of sow treatment (control vs. yeast-based pre- and probiotic diet; 0.10% ActiSaf Sc 47 HR+ and 0.025% SafMannan) and nursery treatment (control vs. yeast-based pre- and probiotic diet; 0.10% ActiSaf Sc 47 HR+, 0.05% SafMannan, and 0.05% NucleoSaf from d 0 to 7, then concentrations were lowered by 50% from d 7 to 24). All pigs were fed a common diet from d 24 to 45 post-weaning. The E. coli was isolated from fecal samples and species confirmation was accomplished by PCR detection of uidA and clpB genes. Microbroth dilution method (Sensititre CMV3AGNF panel plates) was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of E. coli isolates to 14 different antimicrobials. Isolates were categorized as either susceptible, intermediate, or resistant based on Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. A three-way interaction of sow treatment × nursery treatment × sampling day was observed (P \u3c 0.05) for ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, sulfisoxazole, and trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole. Fecal E. coli isolated from pigs of the yeast-supplemented sow group had increased (P = 0.034) MIC to nalidixic acid and a tendency for increased MIC to ciprofloxacin (P = 0.065) and gentamicin (P = 0.054). Yet, when yeast additives were fed in the nursery there was reduced (P \u3c 0.05) fecal E. coli AMR to azithromycin and chloramphenicol. All fecal E. coli isolates were considered susceptible to all antimicrobials, except tetracycline on d 5. In conclusion, feeding sows live yeast and yeast extracts could potentially impact fecal E. coli AMR in their progeny. Furthermore, feeding live yeast and yeast additives in the nursery may alleviate the AMR of azithromycin and chloramphenicol of E. coli isolated from nursery pig fecal material

Effects of Live Yeast and Yeast Extracts with and without Pharmacological Levels of Zinc on Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Fecal Escherichia coli in Nursery Pigs

A total of 360 weanling barrows (Line 200 × 400, DNA Genetics; initial BW 12.4 ± 0.05 lb) were used in a 42-d study to evaluate yeast-based pre- and probiotics (Phileo by Lesaffre, Milwaukee, WI) in diets with or without pharmacological levels of Zn on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns of fecal Escherichia coli. Pens were assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments with 5 pigs per pen and 18 pens per treatment. Dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial with main effects of live yeast-based pre- and probiotics (none vs. 0.10% ActiSafSc 47 HR+, 0.05% SafMannan, and 0.05% NucleoSaf from d 0 to 7, then concentrations were lowered by 50% from day 7 to 21) and pharmacological levels of Zn (110 vs. 3,000 ppm from d 0 to 7, and 2,000 ppm from d 7 to 21 provided by ZnO). All pigs were fed a common diet from d 21 to 42 post-weaning without live yeast-based pre- and probiotics or pharmacological Zn. Fecal samples were collected on d 4, 21, and 42 from the same three pigs per pen for fecal E. coli isolation. The identification of E. coli was by PCR detection of uidA and clpB genes. The AMR patterns of E. coli were determined by microbroth dilution method using Sensititre CMV3AGNF panel containing 14 different antimicrobials. The addition of pharmacological levels of Zn had a marginally significant effect (P = 0.051) to increase the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of ciprofloxacin; however, median MIC values were still under the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (2018) classified resistant breakpoint for ciprofloxacin. There was no evidence for differences (P \u3e 0.05) for yeast additives or Zn for AMR of fecal E. coli isolates to any of the remaining antibiotics. In conclusion, pharmacological levels of Zn tended to increase the AMR of fecal E. coli to ciprofloxacin while the medians were below a resistant breakpoint. There was no influence of live yeast and yeast extracts on AMR patterns of fecal E. coli against tested antimicrobials

The Effect of Live Yeast and Yeast Extracts Included in Lactation Diets on Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Fecal Escherichia coli in Sows

A total of 27 sows (Line 241; DNA Genetics) were used in a study to evaluate the effect of feeding live yeast and yeast extracts to lactating sows on antimicrobial susceptibilities of fecal E. coli. Sows were blocked by BW and parity on d 110 of gestation and allotted to 1 of 2 dietary treatments. Dietary treatments consisted of a standard corn-soybean meal lactation diet or a diet that contained yeast-based pre- and probiotics (0.10% Actisaf Sc 47 HR+ and 0.025% SafMannan; Phileo by Lesaffre, Milwaukee, WI). Diets were fed from d 110 of gestation until weaning (approximately d 19). Sow fecal samples were collected to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli upon entry into the farrowing house and at weaning for each treatment. The E. coli was isolated from fecal samples, and species confirmation was accomplished by PCR detection of uidA and clpB genes. Microbroth dilution method was used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of E. coli isolates to 14 different antimicrobials. Isolates were categorized as either susceptible, intermediate, or resistant based on Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines (CLSI, 2018). An interaction (P = 0.026) of diet × sampling day was observed for cefoxitin where fecal E. coli isolates showed no significant differences (P = 0.237) in MIC values at entry, but sows fed the control diet had lower (P = 0.035) MIC values at weaning compared to sows fed yeast additives. There were no significant diet main effects (P \u3e 0.10) on the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of fecal E. coli. There was an increased (P \u3c 0.02) trend towards resistance for 11 of the 14 antimicrobials over time. Fecal E. coli isolates were resistant to tetracycline and ceftriaxone at weaning. All other isolates were considered susceptible or intermediate across sampling day. In conclusion, feeding live yeast and yeast extracts did not influence either sow or litter performance measurements or the AMR of fecal E. coli during lactation except for cefoxitin, which had a higher MIC at the end of lactation when live yeast and yeast extracts were present in the diet