Uso de ácido cítrico e EDTA na limpeza de estructuras pictóricas

[ES] El ácido cítrico y el EDTA son dos agentes quelantes que se están convirtiendo en herramientas indispensables en la limpieza de estructuras pictóricas. Sin duda, permiten solucionar problemas muy complejos aunque también plantean dudas acerca de los posibles efectos negativos en la pintura original. En comparación con los disolventes orgánicos, existe todavía poca información acerca de qué protocolos se pueden seguir para diseñar sistemas de limpieza con los agentes quelantes.[EN] Citric Acid and EDTA are two chemical agents which are becoming indispensable tools in the cleaning of pictorial structures. Undoubtedly, they allow professionals to solve very complex problems while raising doubts as to the possible negative effects on the original painting. In comparison with organic solvents, there still exists little information about the protocols to be followed in designing cleaning systems with chelating agents.[PT] O ácido cítrico e o EDTA são dois agentes químicos que paulatinamente se convertem em ferramentas indispensáveis na limpeza de estructuras pictóricas. Indubitavelmente, permitem resolver problemas complexos de limpeza, se bem que deixam dúvidas sobre possíveis efeitos negativos na pintura original. Em comparação com os solventes orgânicos, existe ainda pouca informação sobre que protocolos se poderão ter em conta para elaborar sistemas de limpeza com agentes quelantes.Barros García, JM.; Llano Torre, S.; Rodríguez Serrano, M. (2011). Utilización de ácido cítrico y EDTA en la limpieza de estructuras pictóricas. Estudos de Conservação e Restauro. 3(3):32-45. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/30036S32453

Utilización del ácido ciítrico en limpieza de pintura

Estudio sobre el uso del ácitrico cítrico, junto a una base, un disolvente y otros agentes químicos, en la limpieza de superficies policromadas.Llano Torre, S. (2008). Utilización del ácido ciítrico en limpieza de pintura. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/13397Archivo delegad

Evolution over Time of Ventilatory Management and Outcome of Patients with Neurologic Disease∗

OBJECTIVES: To describe the changes in ventilator management over time in patients with neurologic disease at ICU admission and to estimate factors associated with 28-day hospital mortality. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of three prospective, observational, multicenter studies. SETTING: Cohort studies conducted in 2004, 2010, and 2016. PATIENTS: Adult patients who received mechanical ventilation for more than 12 hours. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Among the 20,929 patients enrolled, we included 4,152 (20%) mechanically ventilated patients due to different neurologic diseases. Hemorrhagic stroke and brain trauma were the most common pathologies associated with the need for mechanical ventilation. Although volume-cycled ventilation remained the preferred ventilation mode, there was a significant (p < 0.001) increment in the use of pressure support ventilation. The proportion of patients receiving a protective lung ventilation strategy was increased over time: 47% in 2004, 63% in 2010, and 65% in 2016 (p < 0.001), as well as the duration of protective ventilation strategies: 406 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2004, 523 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2010, and 585 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2016 (p < 0.001). There were no differences in the length of stay in the ICU, mortality in the ICU, and mortality in hospital from 2004 to 2016. Independent risk factors for 28-day mortality were age greater than 75 years, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II greater than 50, the occurrence of organ dysfunction within first 48 hours after brain injury, and specific neurologic diseases such as hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic stroke, and brain trauma. CONCLUSIONS: More lung-protective ventilatory strategies have been implemented over years in neurologic patients with no effect on pulmonary complications or on survival. We found several prognostic factors on mortality such as advanced age, the severity of the disease, organ dysfunctions, and the etiology of neurologic disease