5,081 research outputs found
Direct Fidelity Estimation from Few Pauli Measurements
We describe a simple method for certifying that an experimental device prepares a desired quantum state ρ. Our method is applicable to any pure state ρ, and it provides an estimate of the fidelity between ρ and the actual (arbitrary) state in the lab, up to a constant additive error. The method requires measuring only a constant number of Pauli expectation values, selected at random according to an importance-weighting rule. Our method is faster than full tomography by a factor of d, the dimension of the state space, and extends easily and naturally to quantum channels
Universal features of Lifshitz Green's functions from holography
We examine the behavior of the retarded Green's function in theories with
Lifshitz scaling symmetry, both through dual gravitational models and a direct
field theory approach. In contrast with the case of a relativistic CFT, where
the Green's function is fixed (up to normalization) by symmetry, the generic
Lifshitz Green's function can a priori depend on an arbitrary function
, where is the
scale-invariant ratio of frequency to wavenumber, with dynamical exponent .
Nevertheless, we demonstrate that the imaginary part of the retarded Green's
function (i.e. the spectral function) of scalar operators is exponentially
suppressed in a window of frequencies near zero. This behavior is universal in
all Lifshitz theories without additional constraining symmetries. On the
gravity side, this result is robust against higher derivative corrections,
while on the field theory side we present two examples where the
exponential suppression arises from summing the perturbative expansion to
infinite order.Comment: 32 pages, 4 figures, v2: reference added, v3: fixed bug in
bibliograph
Enhanced visibility of graphene: effect of one-dimensional photonic crystal
We investigate theoretically the light reflectance of a graphene layer
prepared on the top of one-dimensional Si/SiO2 photonic crystal (1DPC). It is
shown that the visibility of the graphene layers is enhanced greatly when 1DPC
is added, and the visibility can be tuned by changing the incident angle and
light wavelengths. This phenomenon is caused by the absorption of the graphene
layer and the enhanced reflectance of the 1DPC.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures. published, ApplPhysLett_91_18190
Quantum State Tomography via Compressed Sensing
We establish methods for quantum state tomography based on compressed sensing. These methods are specialized for quantum states that are fairly pure, and they offer a significant performance improvement on large quantum systems. In particular, they are able to reconstruct an unknown density matrix of dimension d and rank r using O(rdlog^2d) measurement settings, compared to standard methods that require d^2 settings. Our methods have several features that make them amenable to experimental implementation: they require only simple Pauli measurements, use fast convex optimization, are stable against noise, and can be applied to states that are only approximately low rank. The acquired data can be used to certify that the state is indeed close to pure, so no a priori assumptions are needed
Reversal-field memory in magnetic hysteresis
We report results demonstrating a singularity in the hysteresis of magnetic
materials, the reversal-field memory effect. This effect creates a
nonanalyticity in the magnetization curves at a particular point related to the
history of the sample. The microscopic origin of the effect is associated with
a local spin-reversal symmetry of the underlying Hamiltonian. We show that the
presence or absence of reversal-field memory distinguishes two widely studied
models of spin glasses (random magnets).Comment: 3 pages, 5 figures. Proceedings of "2002 MMM Conferece", Tampa, F
Improved Efficiency of Open Quantum System Simulations Using Matrix Products States in the Interaction Picture
Modeling open quantum systems -- quantum systems coupled to a bath -- is of
value in condensed matter theory, cavity quantum electrodynamics, nanosciences
and biophysics. The real-time simulation of open quantum systems was advanced
significantly by the recent development of chain mapping techniques and the use
of matrix product states that exploit the intrinsic entanglement structure in
open quantum systems. The computational cost of simulating open quantum
systems, however, remains high when the bath is excited to high-lying quantum
states. We develop an approach to reduce the computational costs in such cases.
The interaction representation for the open quantum system is used to
distribute excitations among the bath degrees of freedom so that the occupation
of each bath oscillator is ensured to be low. The interaction picture also
causes the matrix dimensions to be much smaller in a matrix product state of a
chain-mapped open quantum system than in the Schr\"odinger picture. Using the
interaction representation accelerates the calculations by 1-2 orders of
magnitude over existing matrix-product-state method. In the regime of strong
system-bath coupling and high temperatures, the speedup can be as large as 3
orders of magnitude. The approach developed here is especially promising to
simulate the dynamics of open quantum systems in the high-temperature and
strong-coupling regimes
Melt Production and Ejection From Lunar Intermediate-Sized Impact Craters: Where Is the Molten Material Deposited?
Differently aged impact melt in lunar samples is key to unveiling the early bombardment history of the Moon. Due to the mixing of melt products ejected from distant craters, the interpretations of the origin of lunar samples are difficult. We use numerical modeling for a better quantitative understanding of the production of impact-induced melt and in particular its distribution in ejecta blankets for lunar craters with sizes ranging from 1.5 to 50 km. We approximate the lunar stratigraphy with a porosity gradient, which represents the gradual transition from upper regolith via megaregolith to the solid crustal material. For this lunar setting, we quantify the melt production relative to crater volume and derive parameters describing its increasing trend with increasing transient crater size. We found that about 30%–40% of the produced melt is ejected from the crater. The melt concentration in the ejecta blanket increases almost linearly with distance from the crater center, while the thickness of the ejecta blanket decreases following a power law. Our study demonstrates that if in lunar samples the concentration of a melt with a certain age is interpreted to be of a nonlocal origin, these melts could be the impact products of a large crater (>10 km) located hundreds of kilometers away
Quantitative Decoding of Interactions in Tunable Nanomagnet Arrays Using First Order Reversal Curves
To develop a full understanding of interactions in nanomagnet arrays is a
persistent challenge, critically impacting their technological acceptance. This
paper reports the experimental, numerical and analytical investigation of
interactions in arrays of Co nanoellipses using the first-order reversal curve
(FORC) technique. A mean-field analysis has revealed the physical mechanisms
giving rise to all of the observed features: a shift of the non-interacting
FORC-ridge at the low-H end off the local coercivity H axis; a stretch
of the FORC-ridge at the high-H end without shifting it off the H axis;
and a formation of a tilted edge connected to the ridge at the low-H end.
Changing from flat to Gaussian coercivity distribution produces a negative
feature, bends the ridge, and broadens the edge. Finally, nearest neighbor
interactions segment the FORC-ridge. These results demonstrate that the FORC
approach provides a comprehensive framework to qualitatively and quantitatively
decode interactions in nanomagnet arrays.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figures. 9 page supplemental material including 3 figure
Magnetization reversal in Kagome artificial spin ice studied by first-order reversal curves
Magnetization reversal of interconnected Kagome artificial spin ice was
studied by the first-order reversal curve (FORC) technique based on the
magneto-optical Kerr effect and magnetoresistance measurements. The
magnetization reversal exhibits a distinct six-fold symmetry with the external
field orientation. When the field is parallel to one of the nano-bar branches,
the domain nucleation/propagation and annihilation processes sensitively depend
on the field cycling history and the maximum field applied. When the field is
nearly perpendicular to one of the branches, the FORC measurement reveals the
magnetic interaction between the Dirac strings and orthogonal branches during
the magnetization reversal process. Our results demonstrate that the FORC
approach provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the magnetic
interaction in the magnetization reversal processes of spin-frustrated systems
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