Role of CD44 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma invasiveness after antiangiogenic treatment

Treballs Finals de Grau de Farmàcia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. Tutor/a: Joan Carles Rodríguez Rubio.[eng] During last century, big effort to understand the biochemical basis of cancer was carried out. One of the principal branches of these cancer investigations used drugs to prevent the formation of new blood vessels –process called angiogenesis– responsible for the nutrients supply of the tumour. These drugs are generally called antiangiogenics. It was discovered that some types of tumour have or develop resistance to these drugs when treatment was long enough. For that reason, mechanisms of resistance, aggressiveness, invasion and/or metastasis after the treatment are nowadays relevant to study. Recently, a protein that could be involved in the increased invasiveness of tumour cells after the antiangiogenic treatment appeared. This project collects some evidence that indicates that this protein, called CD44, might play a role in the increased invasion after antiangiogenic treatment in mouse models of renal carcinoma.[cat] Durant l’últim segle, s’ha fet un gran esforç per aprofundir en la basant bioquímica de la investigació contra el càncer. Una de les branques principals d’aquesta investigació utilitza fàrmacs que prevenen la formació de nous vasos sanguinis –procés anomenat angiogènesis- encarregats de nodrir el tumor. Aquests fàrmacs es diuen generalment antiangiogènics. S’ha descobert que alguns tipus de tumor tenen o desenvolupen resistència a aquests fàrmacs quan el tractament és prou llarg. Per aquesta raó, actualment s’està investigant profundament quins són els mecanismes pels quals apareix aquesta resistència, així com també perquè els tumors es tornen més agressius, invasius i/o metastàtics després del tractament. Recentment s’ha descobert una proteïna que podria estar involucrada en l’augment de la invasivitat de les cèl·lules tumorals després del tractament antiangiogènic. Aquest treball recull algunes de les evidències que apunten cap al paper de la proteïna CD44 en l’increment de la invasió tumoral post-tractament amb fàrmacs antiangiogènics en models ratolins de càncer renal

Summary data for peak alanine aminotransferase values (ALT), acetaminophen (APAP) protein adducts, and bile acids by group.

<p>Data presented as median (range).</p><p>*p value for three way comparison.</p><p>**p value for pairwise comparison.</p><p>Bold p values indicate significance p<0.01; bold, italicized p values represent p = 0.01–0.05.</p><p>Summary data for peak alanine aminotransferase values (ALT), acetaminophen (APAP) protein adducts, and bile acids by group.</p

Comparison of time to reach peak bile acid, presented as a function of peak APAP protein adduct < or ≥ 1.0 nmol/mL APAP protein adduct.

<p>*denotes > 2.0 times the 25–75^th percentile; ^Odenotes > 1.5 times the 25–75^th percentile. GCA, Glycocholic acid; GDCA, Glycodeoxycholic acid; TDCA, Taurodeoxycholic acid.</p

Correlation analysis of peak biomarker versus time to treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC)^*.

<p>*Log transformation of peak measurement of parameter.</p><p>Correlation analysis of peak biomarker versus time to treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC)^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0131010#t003fn001" target="_blank">*</a>}.</p

Comparison of bile acids and acetaminophen protein adducts in children and adolescents with acetaminophen toxicity

<p>The relationship of individual bile acids to indicators of oxidative drug metabolism (acetaminophen protein adducts) and liver injury was examined in children with acetaminophen overdose, children with low dose exposure to acetaminophen, and children with no recent exposure to acetaminophen. Targeted metabolomic analysis was used to quantify nine bile acids in the serum samples of children and adolescents among the three groups. Bile acids were compared to serum levels of acetaminophen protein adducts and alanine aminotransferase.</p

MOESM4 of Genetic associations with micronutrient levels identified in immune and gastrointestinal networks

Cytoscape functional analysis of modules 2, 18, and 52 (PPTX 546 kb