Interaction of Amino Acids and Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes

In this article, we investigated the interactions between oxidized single-wall carbon nanotubes and three amino acids. A simple and environmental benign method to realize solubility of oxidized single-wall carbon nanotubes (OSWNT) in water was described. The amino acids used in this study include l-glycine (Gly), l-lysine (Lys), and l-phenylalanine (Phe). The OSWNT became soluble in water under ambient conditions and formed a stable suspension when amino acids (AA) were adsorbed on it. The interactions between OSWNT and three AA were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results indicate that there is an increasing in the diameter of OSWNT after AA adsorption. The OSWNT with different diameters were separated as a result of AA adsorption. The smaller the diameter of OSWNT, the more the AA adsorption amount is. The adsorbed amount of different AA on OSWNT follows the trend: Lys > Phe > Gly. The Π–Π stacking is an important factor to realizing adsorption of Phe zwitterions on the sidewall of OSWNT; but for Gly and Lys zwitterions, polar interaction is a determinant factor to realizing adsorption on the sidewall of OSWNT. The AA zwitterions were adsorbed on the surface of OSWNT by conjunct interaction of the Π–Π stacking, polar interaction, hydrogen bond, and covalent bonding. Hydrogen bond and covalent bond, formed with oxygen containing groups, is dominant at the end of OSWNT. The catalysis property of OSWNT makes a noticeable reduction of decomposition temperature for AA adsorbed on OSWNT

Study of the Colocated Dual-Polarized MIMO Capacity Composed of Dipole and Loop Antennas

The colocated dual-polarized dipole (DPD) and dual-polarized loop (DPL) MIMO channel performances are compared. Computation results show that, for the ideal electric and magnetic dipoles, the dual-polarized MIMO systems have identical channel capacity. But the contour plots of the capacity gain of the realistic DPD and DPL are different, due to the difference in antenna patterns. The cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the capacity gain in the two-mirror (TM) channel shows that, for small distance, the capacity gain obtained by the DPD is obviously smaller than that of the DPL, but, with the increase of the distance, the difference gets smaller. A DPL with low mutual coupling is fabricated. Measured results show that high MIMO capacities can be obtained by this DPL in both the anechoic chamber (AC) and the realistic office room. The capacity gain of the DPL antenna is 1.5–1.99, which basically coincides with the theoretical and numerical results. Furthermore, the capacity of the virtual DPL antenna with no mutual couplings is also investigated. It is shown that, in the AC, the mutual coupling will generally decrease the dual-polarized MIMO capacity; however, in the office room, the effect of mutual coupling is not always negative

Is Photooxidation Activity of {001} Facets Truly Lower Than That of {101} Facets for Anatase TiO₂ Crystals?

The effect of particle size and active surfaces on photoreactivity of TiO₂ crystals is investigated in this report. The clarification of highly active surfaces is the key to understanding the photoreactivity of anatase TiO₂ crystal and also to morphological control of photocatalysts with well-defined crystal facets. The anatase TiO₂ single crystals with different percentage of {001} facets in uniform size, as well as anatase TiO₂ single crystals with different particles size in same percentage of {001} facets, are synthesized by carefully controlling the synthesis parameters. Their photooxiation reactivity results indicate that the underlying dominant factor for photooxidation activity of anatase TiO₂ crystals is particle size. The photooxidation activity of {001} facets is greater than that of {101} facets when the crystals size of anatase TiO₂ is identical. This work would be beneficial for better understanding the different photocatalytic performance of different facets of metal oxide crystals in photoreactivity processes