Fatores predisponentes do câncer de pênis: uma revisão de literatura / Predisposing factors for penis cancer: a literature review

O Carcinoma peniano é uma neoplasia que atinge todo o mundo sendo prevalente em países menos desenvolvidos, fato este que está relacionado com os fatores de risco que são mais prevalentes. Dentre os fatores de risco podemos citar: falta de higiene, prática sexual promíscua, contaminação pelo papiloma vírus humano (HPV) entre outros. Este tipo de câncer acomete principalmente pacientes com idade entre 60 e 70 anos, porém em alguns países vem aumentando o surgimento em pacientes mais jovens. Este estudo constituiu-se de uma revisão narrativa de artigos de literatura especializada, publicados nos anos de 2001 até 2020 nas principais bases de dados. Foi possivel verificar que existem tanto classificações histopatológicas quanto de estadiamento padronizado de forma universal, sendo os principais fatores associados ao risco de desenvolver o carcinoma de pênis a fimose, pratica sexual, higiene pessoal e o HPV e a circuncisão como fator associado a diminuição do risco. Diante dos fatos pode-seconcluir que o assunto tem várias vertentes a serem estudadas e que novas pesquisas na área devem ser realizadas visando melhorar o conhecimento tanto dos pesquisadores quanto da população alvo

Malícia honey (Mimosa quadrivalvis L.) produced by the jandaíra bee (Melipona subnitida D.) improves anxious-like behaviour and has anti-adiposity effect in cafeteria diet-induced obese rats

This study evaluated the anti-adiposity and anxiolytic effects of malícia honey (MH) on obese rats. A total of 40 male Wistar rats were initially randomized into four groups: healthy (HG); obese (OG); and healthy (HGH) and obese (OGH) both treated with malícia honey by gavage (1000 mg/kg). The rats consumed a control or cafeteria diet for 16 weeks. Body weight, food intake, adiposity index, anxious-like behaviour and concentration of organic acids in the brain, intestine and faeces were analysed. Histological analyses were performed on adipose tissue and brain. MH showed procyanidin B1 and B2, epicatechin, and naringenin as the main polyphenols. The OGH had lower caloric intake (18 %), body weight (12 %) and lower adipocyte area compared to the OG. MH increased organic acids in biological materials and prevented the appearance of ischemic neurons. MH had an anti-adiposity effect, protected the nerve tissue and reversed anxious-like behaviour in obesity-induced rats

Whole transcriptional analysis identifes markers of B, T and plasma cell signaling pathways in the mesenteric adipose tissue associated with Crohn’s disease

Crohn’s disease (CD) is a multifactorial disease characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation. The increased visceral adiposity near the affected intestinal area, of which mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) is the main component, is a feature of CD. Both protective and pathological roles have been attributed to this disease-associated tissue in CD. To understand the contribution of MAT to CD pathophysiology, a molecular and cellular signature of disease-associated MAT in CD patients was provided. We performed an observational study with whole transcriptional analysis by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of MAT and ileal mucosa from CD patients with active disease and controls. qPCR and immunohistology were performed for validation analysis. RNA-seq identified 17 significantly regulated genes (|FC| > 1.5; FDR  1.5, nominal p ≤ 0.05) yielded a larger list of 651 genes in CD-MAT compared to controls. CD ileum showed the significant regulation compared to control ileum of 849 genes (|FC| > 1.5; FDR  1.5, nominal p ≤ 0.05). Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed the significant regulation of pathways related to T- and B cell functionality in the MAT of CD patients. Despite the differences between the MAT and ileal signatures of CD patients, we identified a subset of 204 genes significantly modulated in both tissues compared to controls. This common signature included genes related to the plasma cell signature. Genes such as S100A8, S100A9 (calprotectin) and IL1B, which are associated with acute inflammatory response, were exclusively regulated in the ileal mucosa of CD disease. In contrast, some genes encoding for lymphocyte receptors such as MS4A1, CD3D and CD79A were exclusively regulated in CD-MAT, exhibiting a different pattern of immune cell activation compared to the ileal mucosa in CD patients. qPCR and immunohistology confirmed the presence of large infiltrates of CD3+ CD20+ lymphocytes and CD138+ plasma cells in CD-MAT. Our data strongly supports the role of CD-associated MAT as a site for T-, B- and plasma cell activation, and suggests that it could also act as a reservoir of memory immune responses181COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP0012016/01638-