Weighted Kalman filter phase unwrapping algorithm based on inSAR image

The Kalman filter deals simultaneously with phase unwrapping and noise elimination procedure. But the errors produced by the original radar signal and post-processing can cause phase discontinuity so that the unwrapped result is not accurate. Therefore, the weighted Kalman filter phase unwrapping algorithm based on InSAR image is proposed. Through the low-quality region where the wrapped phase is masked, the Kalman filter phase unwrapping algorithm is implemented in the high-quality region. When the high-quality region is correctly unwrapped, the weighted Kalman filter phase unwrapping algorithm is implemented in masking off the low-quality region, and as a consequence a reliable result is obtained. In this paper InSAR data is chosen for performing the experiment, and for comparison with both a network flow algorithm and a quality map guided algorithm. It is subsequently verified that the proposed algorithm is effective and reliable

An Efficient Feature Extraction Scheme for Mobile Anti-Shake in Augmented Reality

In recent years, augmented reality on mobile devices has become popular. Mobile shakes are the most typical type of interference in mobile augmented reality. To negate such interference, anti-shake is an urgent requirement. To enhance anti-shake efficiency, we propose an efficient feature extraction scheme for mobile anti-shake in augmented reality. The scheme directly detects corners to avoid the non-extreme constraint such that the efficiency of feature extraction is improved. Meanwhile, the scheme only updates the added corners during mobile shakes, which improves the accuracy of feature extraction. In the experiments, the memory consumption of existing methods is almost double compared to that in our scheme. Further, the runtime of our scheme is only half of the runtime of the existing methods. The experimental results demonstrate that our scheme performs better than the existing classic methods on mobile anti-shake in terms of memory consumption, efficiency, and accuracy

Improving Pneumonia Classification and Lesion Detection Using Spatial Attention Superposition and Multilayer Feature Fusion

Pneumonia is a severe inflammation of the lung that could cause serious complications. Chest X-rays (CXRs) are commonly used to make a diagnosis of pneumonia. In this paper, we propose a deep-learning-based method with spatial attention superposition (SAS) and multilayer feature fusion (MFF) to facilitate pneumonia diagnosis based on CXRs. Specifically, an SAS module, which takes advantage of the channel and spatial attention mechanisms, was designed to identify intrinsic imaging features of pneumonia-related lesions and their locations, and an MFF module was designed to harmonize disparate features from different channels and emphasize important information. These two modules were concatenated to extract critical image features serving as the basis for pneumonia diagnosis. We further embedded the proposed modules into a baseline neural network and developed a model called SAS-MFF-YOLO to diagnose pneumonia. To validate the effectiveness of our model, extensive experiments were conducted on two CXR datasets provided by the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) and the AI Research Institute. SAS-MFF-YOLO achieved a precision of 88.1%, a recall of 98.2% for pneumonia classification and an AP50 of 99% for lesion detection on the AI Research Institute dataset. The visualization of intermediate feature maps showed that our method could facilitate uncovering pneumonia-related lesions in CXRs. Our results demonstrated that our approach could be used to enhance the performance of the overall pneumonia detection on CXR imaging

Bergenin suppresses the growth of colorectal cancer cells by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway

Purpose: To investigate anticancer effects of bergenin on human colorectal cancer cell lines.Methods: Human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line HCT116 was treated with various concentrations of bergenin for 24 and 48 h. Cell viability, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level were analyzed by MTT, flow cytometry and fluorescent dye assays, respectively. DNA damage-associated protein expressions were analyzed by Western blotting.Results: Bergenin significantly suppressed the viability of HCT116 cells. Moreover, bergenin induced cells to accumulate in G1 phase and resulted in DNA breaks in HCT116 cells. It also led to marked accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), a breaker of DNA strand in HCT116 cells. Interestingly, bergenin inhibited PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.Conclusion: Bergenin effectively suppresses the growth of colorectal  adenocarcinoma by inducing generation of intracellular ROS, DNA damage and consequent G1 phase arrest via inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.Keywords: Bergenin, Colorectal cancer, DNA damage, Cell cycle arrest,  PI3K/AKT/mTO

Tumor-intrinsic expression of the autophagy gene Atg16l1 suppresses anti-tumor immunity in colorectal cancer

Autofàgia; Càncer colorectal; ImmunosupressióAutofagia; Cáncer colorrectal; InmunosupresiónAutophagy; Colorectal cancer; ImmunosuppressionMicrosatellite-stable colorectal cancer (MSS-CRC) is highly refractory to immunotherapy. Understanding tumor-intrinsic determinants of immunotherapy resistance is critical to improve MSS-CRC patient outcomes. Here, we demonstrate that high tumor expression of the core autophagy gene ATG16L1 is associated with poor clinical response to anti-PD-L1 therapy in KRAS-mutant tumors from IMblaze370 (NCT02788279), a large phase III clinical trial of atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1) in advanced metastatic MSS-CRC. Deletion of Atg16l1 in engineered murine colon cancer organoids inhibits tumor growth in primary (colon) and metastatic (liver and lung) niches in syngeneic female hosts, primarily due to increased sensitivity to IFN-γ-mediated immune pressure. ATG16L1 deficiency enhances programmed cell death of colon cancer organoids induced by IFN-γ and TNF, thus increasing their sensitivity to host immunity. In parallel, ATG16L1 deficiency reduces tumor stem-like populations in vivo independently of adaptive immune pressure. This work reveals autophagy as a clinically relevant mechanism of immune evasion and tumor fitness in MSS-CRC and provides a rationale for autophagy inhibition to boost immunotherapy responses in the clinic

Application of Nano-Crystalline Diamond in Tribology

Nano-crystalline diamond has been extensively researched and applied in the fields of tribology, optics, quantum information and biomedicine. In virtue of its hardness, the highest in natural materials, diamond outperforms the other materials in terms of wear resistance. Compared to traditional single-crystalline and poly-crystalline diamonds, nano-crystalline diamond consists of disordered grains and thus possesses good toughness and self-sharpening. These merits render nano-crystalline diamonds to have great potential in tribology. Moreover, the re-nucleation of nanocrystalline diamond during preparation is beneficial to decreasing surface roughness due to its ultrafine grain size. Nano-crystalline diamond coatings can have a friction coefficient as low as single-crystal diamonds. This article briefly introduces the approaches to preparing nano-crystalline diamond materials and summarizes their applications in the field of tribology. Firstly, nano-crystalline diamond powders can be used as additives in both oil- and water-based lubricants to significantly enhance their anti-wear property. Nano-crystalline diamond coatings can also act as self-lubricating films when they are deposited on different substrates, exhibiting excellent performance in friction reduction and wear resistance. In addition, the research works related to the tribological applications of nano-crystalline diamond composites have also been reviewed in this paper

Microscopic Kinetics Pathway of Salt Crystallization in Graphene Nanocapillaries.

The fundamental understanding of crystallization, in terms of microscopic kinetic and thermodynamic details, remains a key challenge in the physical sciences. Here, by using in situ graphene liquid cell transmission electron microscopy, we reveal the atomistic mechanism of NaCl crystallization from solutions confined within graphene cells. We find that rock salt NaCl forms with a peculiar hexagonal morphology. We also see the emergence of a transitory graphitelike phase, which may act as an intermediate in a two-step pathway. With the aid of density functional theory calculations, we propose that these observations result from a delicate balance between the substrate-solute interaction and thermodynamics under confinement. Our results highlight the impact of confinement on both the kinetics and thermodynamics of crystallization, offering new insights into heterogeneous crystallization theory and a potential avenue for materials design.Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 185