121 research outputs found
SemanticLock: An authentication method for mobile devices using semantically-linked images
We introduce SemanticLock, a single factor graphical authentication solution
for mobile devices. SemanticLock uses a set of graphical images as password
tokens that construct a semantically memorable story representing the user`s
password. A familiar and quick action of dragging or dropping the images into
their respective positions either in a \textit{continous flow} or in
\textit{discrete} movements on the the touchscreen is what is required to use
our solution.
The authentication strength of the SemanticLock is based on the large number
of possible semantic constructs derived from the positioning of the image
tokens and the type of images selected. Semantic Lock has a high resistance to
smudge attacks and it equally exhibits a higher level of memorability due to
its graphical paradigm.
In a three weeks user study with 21 participants comparing SemanticLock
against other authentication systems, we discovered that SemanticLock
outperformed the PIN and matched the PATTERN both on speed, memorability, user
acceptance and usability. Furthermore, qualitative test also show that
SemanticLock was rated more superior in like-ability. SemanticLock was also
evaluated while participants walked unencumbered and walked encumbered carrying
"everyday" items to analyze the effects of such activities on its usage
An Efficient Algorithm for Deep Stochastic Contextual Bandits
In stochastic contextual bandit (SCB) problems, an agent selects an action
based on certain observed context to maximize the cumulative reward over
iterations. Recently there have been a few studies using a deep neural network
(DNN) to predict the expected reward for an action, and the DNN is trained by a
stochastic gradient based method. However, convergence analysis has been
greatly ignored to examine whether and where these methods converge. In this
work, we formulate the SCB that uses a DNN reward function as a non-convex
stochastic optimization problem, and design a stage-wise stochastic gradient
descent algorithm to optimize the problem and determine the action policy. We
prove that with high probability, the action sequence chosen by this algorithm
converges to a greedy action policy respecting a local optimal reward function.
Extensive experiments have been performed to demonstrate the effectiveness and
efficiency of the proposed algorithm on multiple real-world datasets.Comment: Accepted by AAAI 202
Metal-poor stars observed with the automated planet finder telescope. I. Discovery of five carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars from LAMOST
We report on the discovery of five carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars in
the metallicity range of [Fe/H] . These stars were selected from
the LAMOST DR3 low-resolution (R 2,000) spectroscopic database as
metal-poor candidates and followed-up with high-resolution spectroscopy (R110,000) with the LICK/APF. Stellar parameters and individual abundances
for 25 chemical elements (from Li to Eu) are presented for the first time.
These stars exhibit chemical abundance patterns that are similar to those
reported in other literature studies of very and extremely metal-poor stars.
One of our targets, J21140616, shows high enhancement in carbon
([C/Fe]=1.37), nitrogen ([N/Fe]= 1.88), barium ([Ba/Fe]=1.00), and europium
([Eu/Fe]=0.84). Such chemical abundance pattern suggests that J21140616 can
be classified as CEMP-r/s star. In addition, the star J1054+0528 can be
classified as a CEMP-rI star, with [Eu/Fe]=0.44 and [Ba/Fe]=0.52. The other
stars in our sample show no enhancements in neutron-capture elements and can be
classified as CEMP-no stars. We also performed a kinematic and dynamical
analysis of the sample stars based on Gaia DR2 data. The kinematic parameters,
orbits, and binding energy of these stars, show that J21140616 is member of
the outer halo population, while the remaining stars belong to the inner halo
population but with an accreted origin. Collectively, these results add
important constraints on the origin and evolution of CEMP stars as well as on
their possible formation scenarios
Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase to Platelet Ratio Is a Novel and Independent Prognostic Marker for Resectable Lung Cancer: A Propensity Score Matching Study.
BACKGROUND
We report this propensity score matching (PSM) analysis to assess prognostic roles of preoperative gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase to platelet ratio (GPR) in video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) lobectomy for stage I-II non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
METHODS
The PSM-based study conducted on our single-center prospectively collected database from January 2014 to August 2015 provided Kaplan-Meier survival analyses using the log-rank test to discriminate differences in overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) between patients stratified by preoperative GPR.
RESULTS
Our study includes 379 patients diagnosed with operable primary stage I-II NSCLC. A GPR value at 0.16 was recognized as the optimal cutoff point for prognostic prediction. Both OS and DFS of patients with GPR ≥0.16 were significantly shortened when compared to those of patients with GPR <0.16. Patients with GPR ≥0.16 had significantly lower 5-year rates of OS and DFS than those of patients with GPR <0.16 (P <0.001). Significant associations between GPR and unfavorable survival still are validated in the PSM analysis. Multivariable Cox regression models on both the entire cohort and the PSM cohort consistently demonstrated that an elevated preoperative GPR could be an independent prognostic marker for both OS and DFS of resectable NSCLC.
CONCLUSIONS
GPR may be an effective and noninvasive prognostic biomarker in VATS lobectomy for surgically resectable NSCLC
ISA-Net: Improved spatial attention network for PET-CT tumor segmentation
Achieving accurate and automated tumor segmentation plays an important role
in both clinical practice and radiomics research. Segmentation in medicine is
now often performed manually by experts, which is a laborious, expensive and
error-prone task. Manual annotation relies heavily on the experience and
knowledge of these experts. In addition, there is much intra- and interobserver
variation. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a method that can
automatically segment tumor target regions. In this paper, we propose a deep
learning segmentation method based on multimodal positron emission
tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT), which combines the high sensitivity of
PET and the precise anatomical information of CT. We design an improved spatial
attention network(ISA-Net) to increase the accuracy of PET or CT in detecting
tumors, which uses multi-scale convolution operation to extract feature
information and can highlight the tumor region location information and
suppress the non-tumor region location information. In addition, our network
uses dual-channel inputs in the coding stage and fuses them in the decoding
stage, which can take advantage of the differences and complementarities
between PET and CT. We validated the proposed ISA-Net method on two clinical
datasets, a soft tissue sarcoma(STS) and a head and neck tumor(HECKTOR)
dataset, and compared with other attention methods for tumor segmentation. The
DSC score of 0.8378 on STS dataset and 0.8076 on HECKTOR dataset show that
ISA-Net method achieves better segmentation performance and has better
generalization. Conclusions: The method proposed in this paper is based on
multi-modal medical image tumor segmentation, which can effectively utilize the
difference and complementarity of different modes. The method can also be
applied to other multi-modal data or single-modal data by proper adjustment
Four-hundred Very Metal-poor Stars Studied with LAMOST and Subaru. I. Survey Design, Follow-up Program, and Binary Frequency
The chemical abundances of very metal-poor stars provide important
constraints on the nucleosynthesis of the first generation of stars and early
chemical evolution of the Galaxy. We have obtained high-resolution spectra with
the Subaru Telescope for candidates of very metal-poor stars selected with a
large survey of Galactic stars carried out with LAMOST. In this series of
papers, we report on the elemental abundances of about 400 very metal-poor
stars and discuss the kinematics of the sample obtained by combining the radial
velocities measured in this study and recent astrometry obtained with Gaia.
This paper provides an overview of our survey and follow-up program, and
reports radial velocities for the whole sample. We identify seven double-lined
spectroscopic binaries from our high-resolution spectra, for which radial
velocities of the components are reported. We discuss the frequency of such
relatively short-period binaries at very low metallicity.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figures, 5 tables, to appear in Ap
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