The Wess-Zumino term and quantum tunneling

The significance of the Wess--Zumino term in spin tunneling is explored, and a formula is established for the splitting of energy levels of a particle with large fermionic spin as an applied magnetic field is switched on.Comment: Latex, 7 page

Calculation of Spin Tunneling Effects in the Presence of an Applied Magnetic Field

The tunneling splitting of the energy levels of a ferromagnetic particle in the presence of an applied magnetic field - previously derived only for the ground state with the path integral method - is obtained in a simple way from Schroedinger theory. The origin of the factors entering the result is clearly understood, in particular the effect of the asymmetry of the barriers of the potential. The method should appeal particularly to experimentalists searching for evidence of macroscopic spin tunneling.Comment: 10 pages, LaTex, 4 figures included using graphic

Sustained Acceleration of Over-dense Plasmas by Colliding Laser Pulses

We review recent PIC simulation results which show that double-sided irradiaton of a thin overdense plasma slab by ultra-intense laser pulses from both sides can lead to sustained comoving acceleration of surface electrons to energies much higher than the conventional ponderomotive limit. The acceleration stops only when the electrons drift transversely out of the laser beam. We show results of parameter studies based on this concept and discuss future laser experiments that can be used to test these computer results.Comment: 9 pages 6 figures. AIP Conference Proceedings for 2005 Varenna Conf. on Superstrong Fields in Plasmas (AIP, NY 2006

Direct detection and solar capture of dark matter with momentum and velocity dependent elastic scattering

We explore the momentum and velocity dependent elastic scattering between the dark matter (DM) particles and the nuclei in detectors and the Sun. In terms of the non-relativistic effective theory, we phenomenologically discuss ten kinds of momentum and velocity dependent DM-nucleus interactions and recalculate the corresponding upper limits on the spin-independent DM-nucleon scattering cross section from the current direct detection experiments. The DM solar capture rate is calculated for each interaction. Our numerical results show that the momentum and velocity dependent cases can give larger solar capture rate than the usual contact interaction case for almost the whole parameter space. On the other hand, we deduce the Super-Kamiokande's constraints on the solar capture rate for eight typical DM annihilation channels. In contrast to the usual contact interaction, the Super-Kamiokande and IceCube experiments can give more stringent limits on the DM-nucleon elastic scattering cross section than the current direct detection experiments for several momentum and velocity dependent DM-nucleus interactions. In addition, we investigate the mediator mass's effect on the DM elastic scattering cross section and solar capture rate.Comment: 18 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables. minor changes and a reference added, published in Nuclear Physics

A Unified Relay Framework with both D-F and C-F Relay Nodes

Decode-and-forward (D-F) and compress-and-forward (C-F) are two fundamentally different relay strategies proposed by (Cover and El Gamal, 1979). Individually, either of them has been successfully generalized to multi-relay channels. In this paper, to allow each relay node the freedom of choosing either of the two strategies, we propose a unified framework, where both the D-F and C-F strategies can be employed simultaneously in the network. It turns out that, to fully incorporate the advantages of both the best known D-F and C-F strategies into a unified framework, the major challenge arises as follows: For the D-F relay nodes to fully utilize the help of the C-F relay nodes, decoding at the D-F relay nodes should not be conducted until all the blocks have been finished; However, in the multi-level D-F strategy, the upstream nodes have to decode prior to the downstream nodes in order to help, which makes simultaneous decoding at all the D-F relay nodes after all the blocks have been finished inapplicable. To tackle this problem, nested blocks combined with backward decoding are used in our framework, so that the D-F relay nodes at different levels can perform backward decoding at different frequencies. As such, the upstream D-F relay nodes can decode before the downstream D-F relay nodes, and the use of backward decoding at each D-F relay node ensures the full exploitation of the help of both the other D-F relay nodes and the C-F relay nodes. The achievable rates under our unified relay framework are found to combine both the best known D-F and C-F achievable rates and include them as special cases

Flow Decomposition for Multi-User Channels - Part I

A framework based on the idea of flow decomposition is proposed to characterize the decode-forward region for general multi-source, multi-relay, all-cast channels with independent input distributions. The region is difficult to characterize directly when deadlocks occur between two relay nodes, in which both relays benefit by decoding after each other. Rate-vectors in the decode-forward region depend ambiguously on the outcomes of all deadlocks in the channel. The region is characterized indirectly in two phases. The first phase assumes relays can operate non-causally. It is shown that every rate-vector in the decode-forward region corresponds to a set of flow decompositions, which describe the messages decoded at each node with respect to the messages forwarded by all the other nodes. The second phase imposes causal restrictions on the relays. Given an arbitrary set of (possibly non-causal) flow decompositions, necessary and sufficient conditions are derived for the existence of an equivalent set of causal flow decompositions that achieves the same rate-vector region

Federal Procurement and Equal Employment Opportunity

The paper contains a discussion about what results about the quality of an estimated model can be achieved, if no probabilitic assumptions are introduced. Several technical results that illustrate possibilities and difficulties are also given