Triagem de macroalgas bênticas do litoral de Santa Catarina biomonitorada pelo ensaio de letalidade para larvas de Artemia salina e investigação fitoquímica de Pterocladiella capillacea

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia

Investigação química de espécies do gênero Laurencia Lamourox na costa sul brasileira

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Florianópolis, 2009O complexo Laurencia Lamouroux (Rhodophyceae) compreende quatro gêneros com grande variabilidade morfológica que representam os maiores produtores de metabólitos secundários do ambiente marinho. As substâncias provenientes destas algas são predominantemente sesquiterpenos, diterpenos e C15-acetogeninas que usualmente são caracterizados pela presença de átomos de halogênio em suas estruturas. Existem mais de 19 espécies catalogadas e na região sul observa-se a presença das espécies Laurencia obtusa, L. microcladia, L. majuscula, L. catarinensis e L. flagellifera. O estudo químico do extrato orgânico de Laurencia microcladia indicou a presença de um metabólito majoritário conhecido como elatol, encontrado em outras espécies de Laurencia Lamouroux. Estudos em cromatografia delgada demonstraram a presença dessa substância em extratos de organismos como ouriço do mar (Echinometra lucunter) e pepino do mar (Holothuria grisea). Foram realizados ensaios de herbivoria com ouriços do mar indicando que este composto apesar de apresentar atividade anti-herbivoria foi consumido pelos ouriços até a concentração de 0,2 mg/pellets. A investigação de atividades biológicas com o elatol obtido neste trabalho, indicou atividade tripanocida frente ao Trypanossoma cruzi (CI50 = 13,86 (12,39-15,51) µM) e leishmanicida frente a Leishmania amazonensis (CI50 = 2,54 (2,44-2,64) µM) e L. chagasi (CI50 = 2,56 (1,94-3,38) µM), mas não apresentou atividade antiviral frente aos vírus herpéticos do tipo 1 (2 cepas) [modelo viral de genoma DNA], e do rotavírus SA-11 [modelo viral de genoma RNA]. Também apresentou atividade antitumoral in vitro e in vivo para células B16F10 (melanoma). A investigação química do extrato orgânico de Laurencia catarinsensis resultou no isolamento de cerca de 40 compostos puros, dentre os quais, 21 possuem características estruturais semelhantes. Destes 21 compostos, treze compostos são inéditos na literatura e identificados como: o-metilfurocaespitano e seu estereoisômero, o isômero do caespitano, o derivado 5-acetoxi do caespitol, o derivado 5-acetoxi do caespitano, o derivado 5-acetoxi do 8-acetilcaespitol, o derivado 5-hidroxi do 8-acetilcaespitol, o derivado 5-acetoxi do laucapiranóide A, o derivado 5-hidroxi laucapiranóide, o derivado do isocaespitol, dois derivados do caespitol e derivado do sniderol. Adicionalmente, os compostos caespitol e isocaespitol foram submetidos a avaliação antitumoral em células T47D (tumor de mama), U373 (glioblastoma), A549 (câncer de pulmão) e PC3 (câncer de próstata) verificando-se atividade nas três últimas linhagens. Os compostos caespitol e derivado 5-acetoxi do caespitol não apresentaram atividade antiviral frente aos vírus herpéticos do tipo 1 (2 cepas) [modelo viral de genoma DNA], e do rotavírus SA-11 [modelo viral de genoma RNA]. O estudo químico do extrato aquoso de Laurencia flagellifera indicou a presença de dois compostos majoritários conhecidos como monogalactopiranosilglicerol e sulfoquinovosildiacilglicerol

Preliminary data of antioxidant activity of green seaweeds (Ulvophyceae) from the Southwestern Atlantic and Antarctic Maritime islands

Background. Seaweeds must survive in highly competitive environments and thus develop defense strategies that may produce highly diversified antioxidant compounds. Goals. The main objective of this work was to assess the antioxidant activity of green seaweeds. Methods. Six species of ulvophycean chlorophytes were collected during spring/ summer, between the Antarctic (Monostroma hariotii, Protomonostroma rosulatum and Ulva hookeriana formerly as U. bulbosa) and the southwestern Atlantic Ocean (Gayralia brasiliensis, Protomonostroma undulatum and Ulvafasciata). They were then tested for their antioxidant activities using the 2.2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method and by quantification of their phenolic (expressed as gallic acid equivalent GAE and carotenoid contents. Results. Among the evaluated species, P. rosulatum and U. hookeriana showed high antioxidant potential (77.9±2.8 and 53.1±15.0%, respectively) and high phenolic content (176±6.0 and 144.7±8.9 ?g GAE g-1, respectively). These species were collected on King George Island (South Shetland archipelago, around the Antarctic Peninsula) and their higher antioxidant potential may be associated with adaptation to the high incidence of UV rays in this region during summer. In general, tested seaweeds, mainly the samples collected in the Antarctic and Chilean Patagonia, showed higher values of phenolic (from 58.3±2.0 to 144.7±8.9 ?g GAE g-1) and carotenoid contents (from 23.4±0.2 to 51.5±0.1 ?g ?-carotene g-1). Conclusions. The presence and levels of these compounds suggest that the target seaweeds may have high antioxidant potential. Also the antioxidant activity could be associated with the occurrence area of the species instead of the order or taxonomic group to which they belong

The 5 alpha-reductase type 1, but not type 2, gene is expressed in anagen hairs plucked from the vertex area of the scalp of hirsute women and normal individuals

The aim of the present study was to determine the expression of the genes for type 1 (SDR5A1) and type 2 (SDR5A2) 5α-reductase isoenzymes in scalp hairs plucked from 33 hirsute patients (20 with polycystic ovary syndrome and 13 with idiopathic hirsutism) and compare it with that of 10 men and 15 normal women. SDR5A1 and SDR5A2 expression was estimated by RT-PCR using the gene of the ubiquitously expressed protein ß2-microglobulin as an internal control. The results are expressed as arbitrary units in relation to ß2- microglobulin absorbance (mean ± SEM). SDR5A2 expression was not detected in any hair samples analyzed in this study. No differences were found in SDR5A1 mRNA levels between men and normal women (0.78 ± 0.05 vs 0.74 ± 0.06, respectively). SDR5A1 gene expression in the cells of hair plucked from the scalp of normal women (0.85 ± 0.04) and of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (0.78 ± 0.05) and idiopathic hirsutism (0.80 ± 0.06) was also similar. These results indicate that SDR5A1 gene expression in the follicular keratinocytes from the vertex area of the scalp seems not to be related to the differences in hair growth observed between normal men and women and hirsute patients. Further studies are needed to investigate the expression of the 5α-reductase genes in other scalp follicular compartments such as dermal papillae, and also in hair follicles from other body sites, in order to elucidate the mechanism of androgen action on the hair growth process and related diseases

Obtenção de folículos pilosos de pacientes hiperandrogênicas para avaliação da expressão gênica de receptores androgênicos e da 5alfa-redutase e 17HSD

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Expressão gênica das isoformas I e II da 5-alfa-redutase em folículos pilosos de escalpo de homens e mulheres normais e hiperandrogênicas

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The 5 alpha-reductase type 1, but not type 2, gene is expressed in anagen hairs plucked from the vertex area of the scalp of hirsute women and normal individuals

The aim of the present study was to determine the expression of the genes for type 1 (SDR5A1) and type 2 (SDR5A2) 5α-reductase isoenzymes in scalp hairs plucked from 33 hirsute patients (20 with polycystic ovary syndrome and 13 with idiopathic hirsutism) and compare it with that of 10 men and 15 normal women. SDR5A1 and SDR5A2 expression was estimated by RT-PCR using the gene of the ubiquitously expressed protein ß2-microglobulin as an internal control. The results are expressed as arbitrary units in relation to ß2- microglobulin absorbance (mean ± SEM). SDR5A2 expression was not detected in any hair samples analyzed in this study. No differences were found in SDR5A1 mRNA levels between men and normal women (0.78 ± 0.05 vs 0.74 ± 0.06, respectively). SDR5A1 gene expression in the cells of hair plucked from the scalp of normal women (0.85 ± 0.04) and of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (0.78 ± 0.05) and idiopathic hirsutism (0.80 ± 0.06) was also similar. These results indicate that SDR5A1 gene expression in the follicular keratinocytes from the vertex area of the scalp seems not to be related to the differences in hair growth observed between normal men and women and hirsute patients. Further studies are needed to investigate the expression of the 5α-reductase genes in other scalp follicular compartments such as dermal papillae, and also in hair follicles from other body sites, in order to elucidate the mechanism of androgen action on the hair growth process and related diseases

Expressão gênica das isoformas I e II da 5-alfa-redutase em folículos pilosos de escalpo de homens e mulheres normais e hiperandrogênicas

10

Obtenção de folículos pilosos de pacientes hiperandrogênicas para avaliação da expressão gênica de receptores androgênicos e da 5alfa-redutase e 17HSD

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