Impact de la lutte antivectorielle sur l'environnement aquatique

L'impact sur l'environnement aquatique des traitements chimiques antivectoriels contre l'Onchocercose, la Trypanosomiase, le Paludisme et la Bilharziose, dépend des pesticides utilisés et des stratégies adoptées. A partir de l'expérience du Programme de Lutte contre l'Onchocercose en Afrique de l'Ouest, nous présentons dans quel contexte et en fonction de quels objectifs, il est possible de mettre en place un programme de surveillance de l'environnement afin de minimiser l'impact des traitements. En Afrique tropicale, la pression des pesticides chimiques antivectoriels, s'est réduite dans les années 1980. (Résumé d'auteur

Recherche sur l'apport de la parole des familles dans l'aide à la jeunesse

A travers l'analyse de dossiers de jeunes relevant de SAJ, ce rapport met en évidence le contenu de ces dossiers, le type d'informations y figurant ainsi que, au sein de celles-ci, la place de la parole des familles de ces jeunes. Cette recherche permet d'appréhender dans quelle mesure une trace de cette parole est présente dans les dossiers et quelle place la famille peut jouer dans ce type de dossier d'aide

Freshwater fishes of Sierra Leone and Liberia : annotated checklist and distribution

A partir des collections déposées dans les muséums d'histoire naturelle européens et dans un muséum américain, réalisées en partie par les auteurs et à partir de travaux effectués dans cette zone, une mise à jour des connaissances de la faune ichtyologique des bassins côtiers de la Sierra Leone et du Liberia est présentée. Il a été tenu compte pour la nomenclature des révisions les plus récentes. Des listes par bassin hydrographique ont été établies qui doivent servir de base à un travail d'ensemble sur la zoogéograhie des poissons d'Afrique de l'ouest. (Résumé d'auteur

Kolmogorov cascade and equipartition of kinetic energy in numerical simulation of Superfluid turbulence

International audienceThe turbulence of a superfluid is investigated by direct numerical simulations at finite temperature and high Reynolds numbers using the continuous model. The superfluid component is described by the Euler equation while the normal fluid component is described by the Navier-Stokes equation, both being coupled by mutual friction. In the high temperature limit, the Kolmogorov cascade is recovered, as expected from previous numerical and experimental studies. As the temperature decreases, the Kolmogorov cascade remains present at large scales while, at small scales, the system evolves towards a statistical equipartition of kinetic energy among spectral modes

Can host body size explain the parasite species richness in tropical freshwater fishes ?

The variability of monogenean gill ectoparasite species richness in 19 West African cyprinid species was analyzed using the following seven predictor variables : host size, number of drainage basins, number of sympatric cyprinid species, host diversity, association with mainland forest, host ecology, and monogenean biological labelling. The size of the host species accounted for 77% of the variation in the number of parasite species per host, and host ecology and additional 8%. Together the effects of host size and host ecology accounted for 85% of the variation in monogenean species richness. This study shows that the deciding factors for explaining monogenean species richness in West African cyprinid fishes are host species size and host ecology. These results were compared with main factors responsible for parasite species richness in fish communities. Other possible explanations of monogenean community structure in West African cyprinids are discussed. (Résumé d'auteur

Endometrial cancer in elderly women: which disease, which surgical management? A systematic review of the literature

International audienceObjective: Endometrial cancer primarily affects elderly women. The aim of the present literature review is to define the population of elderly women with this disease and to define the characteristics of this cancer in elderly people as well as its surgical treatment. Materials and Methods: A systematic review of the English-language literature of the last 20 years indexed in the PubMed database. Results Endometrial cancer is more aggressive in elderly women. However, surgical staging performed in elderly patients is often not concomitant with the disease’s aggressiveness in this group. Mini-invasive surgery is performed less often, for no obvious reason. Of note, oncogeriatric evaluation was not usually ruled out to determine the most appropriate surgical modality. Conclusion: Studies are needed to evaluate surgical management of endometrial cancer in elderly women, notably with the aid of oncogeriatric scores to predict surgical morbidity

Lagrangian Velocity Statistics in Turbulent Flows: Effects of Dissipation

We use the multifractal formalism to describe the effects of dissipation on Lagrangian velocity statistics in turbulent flows. We analyze high Reynolds number experiments and direct numerical simulation (DNS) data. We show that this approach reproduces the shape evolution of velocity increment probability density functions (PDF) from Gaussian to stretched exponentials as the time lag decreases from integral to dissipative time scales. A quantitative understanding of the departure from scaling exhibited by the magnitude cumulants, early in the inertial range, is obtained with a free parameter function D(h) which plays the role of the singularity spectrum in the asymptotic limit of infinite Reynolds number. We observe that numerical and experimental data are accurately described by a unique quadratic D(h) spectrum which is found to extend from $h_{min} \approx 0.18$ to $h_{max} \approx 1$, as the signature of the highly intermittent nature of Lagrangian velocity fluctuations.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, to appear in PR