Milloin jätän vatsan auki leikkauksen jälkeen?

English summaryPeer reviewe

Surgical management of abdominal compartment syndrome; indications and techniques

The indications for surgical decompression of abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) are not clearly defined, but undoubtedly some patients benefit from it. In patients without recent abdominal incisions, it can be achieved with full-thickness laparostomy (either midline, or transverse subcostal) or through a subcutaneous linea alba fasciotomy. In spite of the improvement in physiological variables and significant decrease in IAP, however, the effects of surgical decompression on organ function and outcome are less clear. Because of the significant morbidity associated with surgical decompression and the management of the ensuing open abdomen, more research is needed to better define the appropriate indications and techniques for surgical intervention

Prophylactic open abdomen in patients with postoperative intra-abdominal hypertension

Postoperative intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) is a frequent occurrence in critically ill patients operated on for severe abdominal trauma, secondary peritonitis or ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. IAH may progress to abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) with new-onset organ dysfunction. Early recognition of IAH and interventions that prevent the development of ACS may preserve vital organ functions and increase the probability of survival. The best method to prevent postoperative ACS is to leave the abdomen open during the operation. The decision to leave the abdomen open is usually based on the surgeon's judgment without intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) measurements during the operation. Because significant morbidity and mortality are associated with the open abdomen, the measurement of IAP immediately after the fascial closure, when feasible, could offer an objective method for determining the optimal IAP threshold for leaving the abdomen open. The management of the open abdomen requires a temporary abdominal closure (TAC) system that would ideally prevent the development of ACS and facilitate later primary fascia closure. Among several TAC systems, the most promising are those that provide negative pressure to the wound or continuous fascial traction or both

Kolonoskopian tarve ei ole muuttunut

Kommentti Hannu Paajasen artikkeliin SLL 71(42)2633, 201

Sekundaarinen vatsakalvotulehdus - yleisin kirurgisen sepsiksen syy : Riskipotilaiden tunnistaminen, laadukkaan hoidon kulmakivet ja avomahahoidon rooli

Vertaisarvioitu. English abstract.Sekundaarinen vatsakalvotulehdus on yleisin kirurgisesti hoidettava sepsiksen syy. Siihen liittyy merkittävä kuolemanriski, erityisesti jos potilaalle kehittyy elinhäiriöitä. Sekundaarisella vatsakalvotulehduksella tarkoitetaan maha-suolikanavan puhkeaman seurauksena syntynyttä vatsakalvotulehdusta. Riskipotilaiden varhainen tunnistaminen, viiveettä aloitettu laajakirjoinen empiirinen mikrobilääkehoito, elintoimintojen tukeminen, ripeä diagnostinen polku ja varhainen laadukas kirurgia ovat tehokkaan hoidon kulmakivet. Kroonisesti sairailla potilailla on suuri riski vaikeaan taudinkuvaan, ja hoitopäätökset tulee tehdä epäröimättä. Riskipotilaat tulee hoitaa ympärivuorokautisen päivystys-, kuvantamis-, leikkaus- ja tehohoitovalmiuden sairaaloissa. Alipainesidoksella toteutettu avomahahoito on potentiaalinen uusi hoitomuoto, mutta sen riski-hyötysuhde vaikeimmin sairaiden potilaiden hoidossa on osoittamatta. Hiljattain aloitettu kansainvälinen monikeskustutkimus on suunniteltu vastaamaan tähän kysymykseen.Peer reviewe

Transverse laparostomy is feasible and effective in the treatment of abdominal compartment syndrome in severe acute pancreatitis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Only recently has the important role of abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) been recognized as a contributing factor to the multiple organ failure commonly seen in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Decompressive laparostomy for ACS is a life-saving procedure usually performed through a midline incision followed by a negative pressure wound dressing. High risk of intestinal fistulas and frequent inability to close the fascia with ensuing planned ventral hernia has prompted the search for alternative techniques. Subcutaneous fasciotomy may be effective in early and less severe cases of ACS but it is always accompanied with a ventral hernia.</p> <p>Case report</p> <p>A patient with SAP developed manifest ACS and was treated with bilateral subcostal laparostomy. Immediately after decompression, the intra-abdominal pressure dropped from 23 mmHg to 10 mmHg, and the respiratory, cardiovascular and renal functions improved markedly leading to full recovery. The abdominal incision including the fascia and the skin was closed gradually over 4 relaparotomies, and during the 6 months' follow up there are no signs of ventral hernia or other wound complications.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>Transverse subcostal laparostomy is a promising alternative decompression technique for ACS in SAP. It is feasible, effective and might provide a chance of early fascial closure. Comparative studies are needed to define its role as a decompressive technique for ACS.</p

The world of trauma working together

Peer reviewe

Applicability of the Clavien-Dindo classification to emergency surgical procedures: a retrospective cohort study on 444 consecutive patients

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Who would benefit from open abdomen in severe acute pancreatitis?-a matched case-control study

Background Selection of patients for open abdomen (OA) treatment in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is challenging. Treatment related morbidity and risk of adverse events are high; however, refractory abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is potentially lethal. Factors influencing the decision to initiate OA treatment are clinically important. We aimed to study these factors to help understand what influences the selection of patients for OA treatment in SAP. Methods A single center study of patients with SAP that underwent OA treatment compared with conservatively treated matched controls. Results Within study period, 47 patients treated with OA were matched in a 1:1 fashion with conservatively treated control patients. Urinary output under 20 ml/h (OR 5.0 95% CI 1.8-13.7) and ACS (OR 4.6 95% CI 1.4-15.2) independently associated with OA treatment. Patients with OA treatment had significantly more often visceral ischemia (34%) than controls (6%), P = 0.002. Mortality among patients with visceral ischemia was 63%. Clinically meaningful parameters predicting developing ischemia were not found. OA treatment associated with higher overall 90-day mortality rate (43% vs 17%, P = 0.012) and increased need for necrosectomy (55% vs 21%, P = 0.001). Delayed primary fascial closure was achieved in 33 (97%) patients that survived past OA treatment. Conclusion Decreased urine output and ACS were independently associated with the choice of OA treatment in patients with SAP. Underlying visceral ischemia was strikingly common in patients undergoing OA treatment, but predicting ischemia in these patients seems difficult.Peer reviewe