Distributed adaptive estimation based on the APA algorithm over diffusion networks with changing topology

In this paper, we present a novel distributed affine projection algorithm (APA) to solve distributed estimation problem within dynamic diffusion networks. In addition, mean-square stability of the proposed algorithm is also studied through exploitation of the energy conservation approach due to Sayed. Simulations confirm that the novel algorithm achieves a greatly improved performance as compared with a noncooperative scheme

Variable length adaptive filtering within incremental learning algorithms for distributed networks

In this paper we propose the use of variable length adaptive filtering within the context of incremental learning for distributed networks. Algorithms for such incremental learning strategies must have low computational complexity and require minimal communication between nodes as compared to centralized networks. To match the dynamics of the data across the network we optimize the length of the adaptive filters used within each node by exploiting the statistics of the local signals to each node. In particular, we use a fractional tap-length solution to determine the length of the adaptive filter within each node, the coefficients of which are adapted with an incremental-learning learning algorithm. Simulation studies are presented to confirm the convergence properties of the scheme and these are verified by theoretical analysis of excess mean square error and mean square deviation

Variable tap-length adaptive algorithm which exploits both second and fourth order statistics.

A new variable tap-length adaptive algorithm which exploits both second and fourth order statistics is proposed in this paper. In this algorithm, the tap-length of the adaptive filter is varying rather than fixed, and controlled by fourth order statistics, whereas the coefficient update retains a conventional least mean square (LMS) form. As will be seen in the simulation results, the proposed algorithm has a faster convergence rate as compared with an existing variable tap-length LMS algorithm which is based only on second order statistics in sub-Gaussian noise environments

Steady-state performance of incremental learning over distributed networks for non-Gaussian data.

In this paper, the steady-state performance of the distributed least mean-squares (dLMS) algorithm within an incremental network is evaluated without the restriction of Gaussian distributed inputs. Computer simulations are presented to verify the derived performance expressions

Petrogenesis and tectonic implications of Triassic A-type granites in southeastern China: insights from zircon U–Pb–Hf isotopic and whole-rock geochemical compositions of the Luoguyan and Guiyantou granites in northwestern Fujian Province

<p>Triassic A-type granites in eastern South China Block (SCB) are abundant in the Wuyi–Yunkai tectonic domain and provide an important opportunity to explore the early Mesozoic evolution of continental crust of the SE part of the SCB. We carried out U–Pb zircon dating, Lu–Hf isotope analyses of zircon, and whole-rock geochemical analyses for two granitic plutons, the Guiyantou (GYT) and Luoguyan (LGY) granites, from northwestern Fujian Province. LA–ICP–MS U–Pb zircon analyses yielded ages of 232 ± 4 to 231 ± 7 Ma and 221 ± 5 Ma (Middle-Late Triassic) for the GYT and LGY granites. These two granites belong to metaluminous to weakly peraluminous high K calc-alkaline A-type granite that are enriched in K, Al, light rare earth element and Rb, Th, U, and Pb, and depleted in Nb, Ta, P, and Ti. Their rare earth element patterns are highly fractionated with (La/Yb)<i>_N</i> ratios of 2–21 and strong negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.02–0.31). <i>In situ</i> Hf isotopic analysis of zircon from the GYT and LGY granites yielded <i>ε</i>_Hf(<i>t</i>) values ranging from –11.5 to –1.1, with corresponding two-stage Hf model ages from 1.98 to 1.33 Ga, from which it is inferred that the GYT and LGY magmas formed by partial melting of Proterozoic metasedimentary rock in the Cathaysia block. The two granites were emplaced at 232 and 221 Ma and together with Triassic A-type granites in coastal region of the SCB, which is in agreement with an extensional tectonic setting in the Middle-Late Triassic. We suggest that the Middle-Late Triassic A-type granites in eastern SCB were probably formed in an intracontinental, post-orogenic extensional regime that collision was between the SCB and an ‘unknown block’ or the eastern extension of Indochina block.</p

Changes in oleanolic acid content among the control (CK), 0.01 mM, 0.1 mM, 1 mM, and 10 mM SNP groups at different times.

<p>Different letters represent significant difference (P<0.05).</p

Changes in antioxidant enzyme activities, including POD and APX among the control (CK), SNP, KFeCN, and SNP + cPTIO (S + cPTIO) groups.

<p>Different letters represent significant difference (P<0.05).</p

Genome-Scale Transcriptome Analysis in Response to Nitric Oxide in Birch Cells: Implications of the Triterpene Biosynthetic Pathway

<div><p>Evidence supporting nitric oxide (NO) as a mediator of plant biochemistry continues to grow, but its functions at the molecular level remains poorly understood and, in some cases, controversial. To study the role of NO at the transcriptional level in <i>Betula platyphylla</i> cells, we conducted a genome-scale transcriptome analysis of these cells. The transcriptome of untreated birch cells and those treated by sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were analyzed using the Solexa sequencing. Data were collected by sequencing cDNA libraries of birch cells, which had a long period to adapt to the suspension culture conditions before SNP-treated cells and untreated cells were sampled. Among the 34,100 UniGenes detected, BLASTX search revealed that 20,631 genes showed significant (E-values≤10⁻⁵) sequence similarity with proteins from the NR-database. Numerous expressed sequence tags (i.e., 1374) were identified as differentially expressed between the 12 h SNP-treated cells and control cells samples: 403 up-regulated and 971 down-regulated. From this, we specifically examined a core set of NO-related transcripts. The altered expression levels of several transcripts, as determined by transcriptome analysis, was confirmed by qRT-PCR. The results of transcriptome analysis, gene expression quantification, the content of triterpenoid and activities of defensive enzymes elucidated NO has a significant effect on many processes including triterpenoid production, carbohydrate metabolism and cell wall biosynthesis.</p></div

Relative expression levels of antioxidant genes in the groups treated with 1 mM SNP for 6, 12, 24, and 48 h (left); relative expression levels of antioxidant genes in the SNP, KFeCN, and SNP + cPTIO groups (S + cPTIO) (right).

<p>Different letters represent significant difference (P<0.05).</p

Relative expression levels of genes related to cell wall synthesis in the groups treated with 1 mM SNP for 6, 12, 24, and 48 h (left).

<p>Relative expression levels of genes related to cell wall synthesis in SNP, KFeCN, and SNP + cPTIO (S + cPTIO) groups (right). Different letters represent significant difference (P<0.05).</p