Current-induced domain wall motion in a nanowire with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy

We study theoretically the current-induced magnetic domain wall motion in a metallic nanowire with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The anisotropy can reduce the critical current density of the domain wall motion. We explain the reduction mechanism and identify the maximal reduction conditions. This result facilitates both fundamental studies and device applications of the current- induced domain wall motion

Probabilistic Linkage Approach to Commercial Motor Vehicle and Carrier Datasets

In this paper, a probabilistic linkage method is explored in the context of linking databases in the Commercial Motor Vehicle and Carrier (CMVC) sector as a potential solution to overcome data quality problems. An application of this method is demonstrated by linking commercial motor vehicle inspection files kept by the Illinois State Police (ISP) and the inspection files available from the Illinois portion of the Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS). Since one of the files to be matched is a subset of the other, the application allows us to validate the methodology. The results show 6,228 correct identifications of true matched record pairs out of 6,335 actual true matches (more than 99%) between the two files. The number of erroneously identified record pairs is 690 (about 11% of the actual true matched pairs.) Sensitivity analysis is conducted of error rates with respect to variations in the optimal thresholds for merging the databases. A simple analysis also shows how much of a clerical examination for unclear record pairs would have to be tolerated for a reduction in dollar expenditure

High-Quality Face Caricature via Style Translation

Caricature is an exaggerated form of artistic portraiture that accentuates unique yet subtle characteristics of human faces. Recently, advancements in deep end-to-end techniques have yielded encouraging outcomes in capturing both style and elevated exaggerations in creating face caricatures. Most of these approaches tend to produce cartoon-like results that could be more practical for real-world applications. In this study, we proposed a high-quality, unpaired face caricature method that is appropriate for use in the real world and uses computer vision techniques and GAN models. We attain the exaggeration of facial features and the stylization of appearance through a two-step process: Face caricature generation and face caricature projection. The face caricature generation step creates new caricature face datasets from real images and trains a generative model using the real and newly created caricature datasets. The Face caricature projection employs an encoder trained with real and caricature faces with the pretrained generator to project real and caricature faces. We perform an incremental facial exaggeration from the real image to the caricature faces using the encoder and generator's latent space. Our projection preserves the facial identity, attributes, and expressions from the input image. Also, it accounts for facial occlusions, such as reading glasses or sunglasses, to enhance the robustness of our model. Furthermore, we conducted a comprehensive comparison of our approach with various state-of-the-art face caricature methods, highlighting our process's distinctiveness and exceptional realism.Comment: 14 pages, 21 figure

Effect of grain boundaries on ion migration in stabilized δ-Bi2O3 thin- film electrolyte

Solid electrolytes with high oxygen-ion conductivity are of significant interest for many applications. Over the past several decades, numerous studies have been conducted on the effect of grain boundaries on the process of increasing the ionic conductivity of solid electrolytes. Given that nanocrystalline thin- or thick-films have been investigated in relation to lowering the operating temperature of solid electrolytes to less than 650 °C, more rigorous and quantitative assessments are necessary to determine how the ion transport characteristics are affected by the numerous interfaces formed in nano-grains devices. Please click Additional Files below to see the full abstract

A Neural Pre-Conditioning Active Learning Algorithm to Reduce Label Complexity

Deep learning (DL) algorithms rely on massive amounts of labeled data. Semi-supervised learning (SSL) and active learning (AL) aim to reduce this label complexity by leveraging unlabeled data or carefully acquiring labels, respectively. In this work, we primarily focus on designing an AL algorithm but first argue for a change in how AL algorithms should be evaluated. Although unlabeled data is readily available in pool-based AL, AL algorithms are usually evaluated by measuring the increase in supervised learning (SL) performance at consecutive acquisition steps. Because this measures performance gains from both newly acquired instances and newly acquired labels, we propose to instead evaluate the label efficiency of AL algorithms by measuring the increase in SSL performance at consecutive acquisition steps. After surveying tools that can be used to this end, we propose our neural pre-conditioning (NPC) algorithm inspired by a Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) analysis. Our algorithm incorporates the classifier's uncertainty on unlabeled data and penalizes redundant samples within candidate batches to efficiently acquire a diverse set of informative labels. Furthermore, we prove that NPC improves downstream training in the large-width regime in a manner previously observed to correlate with generalization. Comparisons with other AL algorithms show that a state-of-the-art SSL algorithm coupled with NPC can achieve high performance using very few labeled data.Comment: NeurIPS 202

The influence of game genre on Internet gaming disorder

Although Internet gaming disorder (IGD) has been investigated in detail, minimal research has been conducted regarding the influence of different game genres on IGD. The aim of this study is to compare the characteristics of members of game genre-specific groups with IGD and to identify factors associated with IGD status in each group in a large sample of adults. Methods Internet games were categorized into four genres: real-time strategy games, massive multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPG), sport games, and first-person shooter (FPS) games. Participants (n = 2,923) who usually played one of these games completed an anonymous online survey that collected sociodemographic, game usage pattern, and psychopathological assessment data. Results MMORPG and FPS game players more frequently met the criteria for IGD than participants in the other two groups. Differences between the IGD-suspected gamers within the genre-specific groups were observed for a few items, such as average game-playing time and the subscales of the behavioral activation system; however, the factors that contributed to the development of IGD within each game genre-specific group were found to be considerably different. Discussion and conclusions The findings of this study suggest that IGD is a stable psychiatric diagnosis encompassing users of a broad range of game genres. In addition, the development of strategies for the prevention of and early intervention on individuals at high risk for developing IGD may require consideration of the distinct characteristics identified as effective predictors of IGD in users of each game genre

The impact of sequential versus single anastomoses on flow characteristics and mid-term patency of saphenous vein grafts in coronary bypass grafting

ObjectiveTo assess the influence of bypass grafting technique on the flow characteristics and mid-term patency of saphenous vein coronary bypass grafts.MethodsIn the present study, 309 patients who underwent either sequential (group A, N = 84 grafts) or individual (group B, N = 244 grafts) saphenous vein coronary bypass grafting between February 2002 and September 2007 were investigated. Individual bypassing only was performed in 212 patients, and sequential bypassing only was performed in 78 patients. The remaining 19 patients received both. A total of 436 distal anastomoses were performed with 328 saphenous vein grafts. The intraoperative flow characteristics and the graft patency were assessed with the transit time flow meter and serial multi-detector computed tomography coronary angiograms, respectively.ResultsGroup A showed a higher mean flow compared with group B at 49.4 ± 27.4 mL/min versus 37.1 ± 20.1 mL/min, respectively (P = .001). The mean flow increased linearly as the number of anastomoses increased per graft (P < .001). Graft patency at 3 years was 93.3% ± 3.4% in group A and 86.5% ± 3.1% in group B (P = .048). After adjustment for baseline characteristics, group A showed a tendency for superior mid-term patency than group B (hazard ratio 0.362; 95% confidence interval, 0.129–1.017; P = .0538).ConclusionsSequential bypass grafts were associated with higher mean flows and superior mid-term patency compared with individual grafts. These findings suggest the more favorable results of sequential bypass grafting to be attributed to the enhanced flow hemodynamics