An Analysis of Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea Questionnaires

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and other Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders (SRBD) frequently gets undiagnosed (13) and can affect the development as well as manifest as behavioral problems in children (13). Screening of patients that may be at risk of SRBDs is important as it can aid in appropriate referral for the establishment of a diagnosis. According to the AAPD “Policy on Obstructive Sleep Apnea”, biomarkers and questionnaires are recommended tools for POSA screening. In the UOP pediatric clinic at present, there is no qualified questionnaire that faculty has yet determined to be of utility in our teaching clinical environment. So in search, we compared potential questionnaires with their strengths, limitations, and utility in hopes of finding one to serve as an initial questionnaire in a pediatric clinic teaching setting

An Analysis of Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea Questionnaires

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and other Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders (SRBD) frequently gets undiagnosed (13) and can affect the development as well as manifest as behavioral problems in children (13). Screening of patients that may be at risk of SRBDs is important as it can aid in appropriate referral for the establishment of a diagnosis. According to the AAPD “Policy on Obstructive Sleep Apnea”, biomarkers and questionnaires are recommended tools for POSA screening. In the UOP pediatric clinic at present, there is no qualified questionnaire that faculty has yet determined to be of utility in our teaching clinical environment. So in search, we compared potential questionnaires with their strengths, limitations, and utility in hopes of finding one to serve as an initial questionnaire in a pediatric clinic teaching setting

Dissociation Between the Growing Opioid Demands and Drug Policy Directions Among the U.S. Older Adults with Degenerative Joint Diseases

We aim to examine temporal trends of orthopedic operations and opioid-related hospital stays among seniors in the nation and states of Oregon and Washington where marijuana legalization was accepted earlier than any others. As aging society advances in the United States (U.S.), orthopedic operations and opioid-related hospital stays among seniors increase in the nation. A serial cross-sectional cohort study using the healthcare cost and utilization project fast stats from 2006 through 2015 measured annual rate per 100,000 populations of orthopedic operations by age groups (45–64 vs 65 and older) as well as annual rate per 100,000 populations of opioid-related hospital stays among 65 and older in the nation, Oregon and Washington states from 2008 through 2017. Orthopedic operations (knee arthroplasty, total or partial hip replacement, spinal fusion or laminectomy) and opioid-related hospital stays were measured. The compound annual growth rate (CAGR) was used to quantify temporal trends of orthopedic operations by age groups as well as opioid-related hospital stays and was tested by Rao–Scott correction of χ2 for categorical variables. The CAGR (4.06%) of orthopedic operations among age 65 and older increased (P...) (See full abstract in article

Sheep Lung Segmental Delivery Strategy Demonstrates Adenovirus Priming of Local Lung Responses to Bacterial LPS and the Role of Elafin as a Response Modulator

Viral lung infections increase susceptibility to subsequent bacterial infection. We questioned whether local lung administration of recombinant adenoviral vectors in the sheep would alter the susceptibility of the lung to subsequent challenge with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We further questioned whether local lung expression of elafin, a locally produced alarm anti-LPS/anti-bacterial molecule, would modulate the challenge response. We established that adenoviral vector treatment primed the lung for an enhanced response to bacterial LPS. Whereas this local effect appeared to be independent of the transgene used (Ad-o-elafin or Ad-GFP), Ad-o-elafin treated sheep demonstrated a more profound lymphopenia in response to local lung administration of LPS. The local influence of elafin in modulating the response to LPS was restricted to maintaining neutrophil myeloperoxidase activity, and levels of alveolar macrophage and neutrophil phagocytosis at higher levels post-LPS. Adenoviral vector-bacterial synergism exists in the ovine lung and elafin expression modulates such synergism both locally and systemically

Sheep Lung Segmental Delivery Strategy Demonstrates Adenovirus Priming of Local Lung Responses to Bacterial LPS and the Role of Elafin as a Response Modulator

Viral lung infections increase susceptibility to subsequent bacterial infection. We questioned whether local lung administration of recombinant adenoviral vectors in the sheep would alter the susceptibility of the lung to subsequent challenge with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We further questioned whether local lung expression of elafin, a locally produced alarm anti-LPS/anti-bacterial molecule, would modulate the challenge response. We established that adenoviral vector treatment primed the lung for an enhanced response to bacterial LPS. Whereas this local effect appeared to be independent of the transgene used (Ad-o-elafin or Ad-GFP), Ad-o-elafin treated sheep demonstrated a more profound lymphopenia in response to local lung administration of LPS. The local influence of elafin in modulating the response to LPS was restricted to maintaining neutrophil myeloperoxidase activity, and levels of alveolar macrophage and neutrophil phagocytosis at higher levels post-LPS. Adenoviral vector-bacterial synergism exists in the ovine lung and elafin expression modulates such synergism both locally and systemically