Effects of dry heating on the progression of in vitro digestion of egg white proteins: contribution of multifactorial data analysis

The impact of dry heating on the progression of in vitro digestion of egg white proteins was investigatedthrough application of multiple factor analysis (MFA) to electrophoresis data. Dry heating (from 1 to 10days between 60 and 90 °C) enhanced protein unfolding and aggregation, thus generating differentSDS-PAGE patterns for each sample before digestion. The progression of in vitro digestion was thenmodified according to the degree of protein unfolding and/or aggregation. In vitro digestion tended todecrease the heterogeneity of sample electrophoretic patterns overall but it occurred either at the verybeginning of the gastric stage or throughout the gastric stage or again during the duodenal stage,depending on the heat treatment to which the sample had been subjected. At the end of digestion, threegroups of samples were obtained: all samples dry heated at 60 °C and one sample dry heated for 1 day at70 °C that were more hydrolysed than the control, samples dry heated for more than 2 days at 80 °C or90 °C that were less hydrolysed than the control, and samples dry heated for more than 2 days at 70 °C or1 day at 80 or 90 °C that were as hydrolysed as the control

Plan de Constantinople / levé par F. Kauffer ; et I.-B. Lechevalier,...

Appartient à l’ensemble documentaire : BbLevt

Flow diagram of the selection process used in this study.

<p>The search was conducted on 15 September 2014. Merging the search results gave a total of 41 clinical trials investigating the efficacy or safety of snake antivenoms, of which four were active. A total of 36 different antivenoms were investigated (see <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003896#pntd.0003896.t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>). Based on the trial design (Phase I to IV), ten products were considered still “under development,” although development appears to have stalled for most of them. Our search strategy appears robust; a report conducted in 2010 identified a total of 43 randomized controlled trials on snakebite envenoming, 28 of which investigated antivenom properties [<a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003896#pntd.0003896.ref011" target="_blank">11</a>]. We retrieved all except two of these trials [<a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003896#pntd.0003896.ref012" target="_blank">12</a>,<a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003896#pntd.0003896.ref051" target="_blank">51</a>]; the discrepancy could be due to differences in the criteria used to define clinical trials.</p

Available snake antivenom products in sub-Saharan Africa, as of September 2014.

<p>Available snake antivenom products in sub-Saharan Africa, as of September 2014.</p

List of antivenoms investigated in clinical trials published in peer-reviewed journals or on public registries.

<p>¹ Not all publications mentioned the trial phase, and development status was established based on trial design, primary objectives, and number of subjects. This classification, though, bears some limitations, especially with regards to snake antivenoms development, in which Phase I with healthy volunteers are generally not conducted.</p><p>List of antivenoms investigated in clinical trials published in peer-reviewed journals or on public registries.</p

Unsupervised Flow Cytometry Analysis Allows for an Accurate Identification of Minimal Residual Disease Assessment in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

The assessment of minimal residual disease (MRD) is increasingly considered to monitor response to therapy in hematological malignancies. In acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML), molecular MRD (mMRD) is possible for about half the patients while multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) is more broadly available. However, MFC analysis strategies are highly operator-dependent. Recently, new tools have been designed for unsupervised MFC analysis, segregating cell-clusters with the same immunophenotypic characteristics. Here, the Flow-Self-Organizing-Maps (FlowSOM) tool was applied to assess MFC-MRD in 96 bone marrow (BM) follow-up (FU) time-points from 40 AML patients with available mMRD. A reference FlowSOM display was built from 19 healthy/normal BM samples (NBM), then simultaneously compared to the patient’s diagnosis and FU samples at each time-point. MRD clusters were characterized individually in terms of cell numbers and immunophenotype. This strategy disclosed subclones with varying immunophenotype within single diagnosis and FU samples including populations absent from NBM. Detectable MRD was as low as 0.09% in MFC and 0.051% for mMRD. The concordance between mMRD and MFC-MRD was 80.2%. MFC yielded 85% specificity and 69% sensitivity compared to mMRD. Unsupervised MFC is shown here to allow for an easy and robust assessment of MRD, applicable also to AML patients without molecular markers

Dairy curd coagulated by a plant extract of Calotropis procera : Role of fat structure on the chemical and textural characteristics

Milk is often subjected to technological treatments which have impacts on the structure of milk constituents andthe characteristics of rennet curds. In this paper, the influence of the dairy fat structure on the biochemical andtextural characteristics of curds coagulated by an extract of Calotropis procera leaves was studied. Standardizedmilks were reconstituted with the same contents in protein (35 g·kg−1) and fat (35 g·kg−1) but with differentstructures of fat i.e. homogenized anhydrous milk fat (HAMF), homogenized cream (HC) and non-homogenizedcream (NHC). As expected, the size distributions of fat globules in the different milks were different. After theircoagulations by the plant extract, the physico-chemical characteristics of the curds and respective wheys weredetermined. No difference was observed in the coagulation time between the three milks but the whey removedmore quickly from HAMF and HC curds than NHC-curd. The biochemical analyses of curds revealed a lowercontent in dry matter and fat in the NHC-curd compared to HAMF- and HC-curds. Otherwise, the NHC-wheyexhibited the highest amount of fat. Observations by confocal microscopy showed that the fat globules werehomogenously distributed and well trapped in the protein networks of HAMF- and HC-curds. In the NHC-curd,the fat globules were located in whey pockets, with less connectivity with the protein network. The texturalanalysis showed that the NHC-curd was more elastic, soft and adhesive than HAMF- and HC-curds.Homogenization significantly reduced the loss of fat during cheese manufacturing and conferred specific texturalcharacteristics to the curds coagulated by an extract of Calotropis procera

« Le ton Stendhal »

La critique spécialisée laisse peu de zones d’ombre dans l’œuvre stendhalienne. Un sujet, toutefois, n’a peut-être pas reçu toute l’attention qu’il mérite, en dépit de Paul Valéry, qui l’indiquait comme une notion clé de la poétique de l’auteur de La Chartreuse : le ton. L’une des raisons qui expliquent cet oubli tient peut-être d’abord à ce qu’il s’agit là d’une notion théorique floue, et le cas Stendhal peut fournir l’occasion d’apporter sur cette question quelques éclairages concrets, qui touchent au moins à trois domaines, lesquels empiètent l’un sur l’autre : La POSTURE. Terme général pour désigner la manière dont le narrateur construit la scène de la parole. Quels rapports la narration entretient-elle avec le modèle de la conversation, la matrice de l’épistolaire, la pratique de la dictée, etc. ? Quel type de sociabilité s’invente par l’écriture ?… L’ALLURE. Elle a directement à voir avec la temporalité sous toutes ses formes et met en jeu des problèmes de composition, de conduite du récit, de régimes. Les rythmes possèdent un aspect éthique dont la monnaie peut être très concrète : pourquoi faudrait-il, par exemple, résister à l’« arrondissement » de la phrase ? Les TEXTURES. Très dépendantes des deux points précédents, dont elles sont pour ainsi dire l’aspect immanent, elles demandent des études au plus près du tissu des œuvres. Les études ici réunies cherchent à avancer quelques propositions théoriques et critiques pour commencer de réparer cet oubli du ton