ANALYSIS OF DISCRIMINATORY GAME VARIABLES BETWEEN WINNERS AND LOSERS IN WOMEN’S HANDBALL WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS FROM 2007 TO 2017

The aim of this study was to identify game variables that discriminated winning from losing teams and to understand how these variables contributed to victory by observing goal differences in matches of the women’s handball world championships. The sample comprised 471 WCh’s games played between 2007 and 2017. The games were grouped into three clusters: balanced games – difference of 1-8 goals; unbalanced games – difference of 9-20 goals; and very unbalanced games – difference of > 20 goals. Generally, the performance of winning teams was significantly higher (in most variables), or lower in the case of the number of technical faults (p<.05). In the balanced games, there was a greater contribution of defensive variables (stolen balls, blocked throws, and goalkeeper’s efficiency indicators) in relation to attack variables (attack efficiency and throw efficiency indicators). For victory, the number of technical faults reduce the chances of winning. Games with the unbalanced and very unbalanced goal differences seem to follow the same tendency; however, in the very unbalanced games, there were more assists, yellow cards and 2-min suspensions. We concluded that the decisive variables for victory in the balanced games showed a greater weight, with a special emphasis on stolen balls followed by offensive variables (throw efficiency indicators, attack efficiency, and technical faults). There was an equal tendency for the games with unbalanced and very unbalanced outcomes

Acúmulo e eficiência no uso de nutrientes em sistemas de produção de safrinha em plantio direto

The objective of this work was to evaluate phytomass production, nutrient cycling, and efficiency of nutrient use by single and intercropped crop systems, in the second crop, under no-tillage. The experiment was carried out during the second crop of 2014 and 2015 in the Cerrado biome of the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, in a randomized complete block design, with nine treatments and four replicates. In 2014, the systems were evaluated at 63, 93, 124, and 157 days after sowing; and, in 2015, they were evaluated at flowering and senescence. The concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium were determined. In 2014, the single crop systems Urochloa ruziziensis, Cajanus cajan, and Pennisetum glaucum showed the largest accumulations of phytomass and nutrients. In 2015, the intercropped systems showed the largest accumulations of phytomass, the largest nutrient cycling, and the highest nutrient use efficiency. In the no-tillage crop systems, U. ruziziensis, either in single cultivation or intercropped with corn and sunflower, increased phytomass. The most efficient systems for the use of all nutrients, in the Cerrado of Mato Grosso, are the intercropping of sunflower with U. ruziziensis, corn with U. ruziziensis, and corn with Crotalaria spectabilis.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produção de fitomassa, a ciclagem de nutrientes e a eficiência no uso de nutrientes em sistemas de cultivo solteiros e consorciados, na safrinha, em plantio direto. O experimento foi realizado durante a segunda safra de 2014 e 2015, no bioma Cerrado do  estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com nove tratamentos e quatro repetições. Em 2014, os sistemas foram avaliados aos 63, 93, 124 e 157 dias após a semeadura; e, em 2015, foram avaliados ao florescimento e à senescência. Determinaram-se as concentrações de nitrogênio, fósforo, potássio, cálcio e magnésio. Em 2014, os sistemas solteiros Urochloa ruziziensis, Cajanus cajan e Pennisetum glaucum apresentaram os maiores acúmulos de fitomassa e nutrientes. Em 2015, os consórcios apresentaram os maiores acúmulos de fitomassa, a maior ciclagem de nutrientes e a maior eficiência no uso dos nutrientes. No sistema plantio direto, U. ruziziensis, solteiro ou consorciado com milho e girassol, aumentou a fitomassa. Os consórcios mais eficientes quanto ao aproveitamento de todos os nutrientes, no Cerrado de Mato Grosso, são os de girassol com U. ruziziensis, milho com U. ruziziensis e milho com Crotalaria spectabilis

Supplementation of BWH cows and ½ BWH ½ Jersey cows kept in tropical pasture with the isopropyl ester of methionine analog (HMBi)

No presente experimento, foi testada a inclusão do éster isopropílico do análogo de metionina (HMBi) no concentrado de vacas Holandesas (HPB) e vacas ½ HPB ½ Jersey mantidas em pastagens de capim Elefante, com o objetivo de atingir relação entre lisina e metionina de 3:1 na proteína metabolizável. As variáveis avaliadas foram a produção e composição de leite. A massa de forragem e as composições nutricional e morfológica da pastagem também foram avaliadas. Foram utilizadas 16 vacas HPB e 12 vacas ½ HPB ½ Jersey, com aproximadamente 150 dias em lactação no início do período experimental. A pastagem de capim Elefante foi manejada em sistema rotacionado com dois dias de ocupação e período de descanso variável, determinado pela altura do dossel de 1m para a entrada dos animais no piquete. A pastagem foi adubada com 80 kg de N por ciclo de pastejo. As vacas experimentais faziam o pastejo no primeiro dia de ocupação e animais extras do rebanho realizavam o repasse no segundo dia de ocupação de cada piquete, garantindo que o resíduo pós pastejo ficasse em torno de 40 cm. A pastagem continha em média 22% de PB, 66% de FDN e 71,5% de DIVMS. O concentrado foi fornecido individualmente, na dose média de 6,6 kg de MN por vaca/dia com base na relação 1 kg de concentrado para cada 3 kg de leite, estabelecida no início do período experimental. O concentrado era idêntico entre os tratamentos, com exceção da inclusão ou não do éster análogo da metionina (HMBi). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em crossover (2x2), dois tratamentos e dois períodos. Exceto os dados de contagem de células somáticas, os dados foram analisados pelo PROC MIXED (SAS® versão 9.1.3, 2003). Para os dados de células somáticas foi utilizada uma distribuição de Poisson, sendo analisados sob abordagem de modelos lineares generalizados. Não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas para produção de leite (16,20 x 16,49), produção de leite corrigido para 3,50% de gordura (16,34 x 16,61), concentração de gordura no leite (3,57 x 3,57%) e concentração protéica no leite (3,12 x 3,13%), respectivamente para as vacas do grupo controle e as que receberam HMBi. Vacas ½ HPB ½ Jersey, apesar do menor peso corporal e menor consumo de concentrado, produziram leite com maior teor protéico que vacas HPB, e produziram a mesma quantidade de gordura e de proteína láctea.In this trial, was tested the inclusion of isopropyl ester of methionine analogue (HMBi) in the concentrate of BWH cows and ½ BWH ½ Jersey cows kept in pastures of Elephant grass, with the goal of achieving lysine: methionine ratio of 3:1 in metabolizable protein. Variables analyzed were milk production and composition. The forage mass and the nutritional composition and morphology of the pasture were also evaluated. 16 Holstein cows and 12 ½ WBH ½ Jersey cows, with approximately 150 days in milk at the beginning of the trial period were used. The Elephant grass pasture was managed by rotational system with two days of occupation and variable rest period, determined by the sward height of 1m at the entry of animals in each paddock. The pasture was fertilized with 80 kg N per grazing cycle. The experimental cows were grazed in the first occupation day and extra animals of the herd grazed on the second occupation day of each paddock, ensuring the post grazing residue to be around 40 cm. The pasture contained on average 22% of CP, 66% of NDF and 71.5% of IVDDM. The concentrate was provided individually, the average dose of 6.6 kilograms of MN per cow per day, based on 1 kg of concentrate for every 3 kg of milk, established at the beginning of the trial period. The concentrate was similar among treatments, except for the inclusion or not of methionine ester analog (HMBi). The experimental design was a crossover (2x2), two treatments and two periods. Except the somatic cell count, the data were analyzed by the PROC MIXED (SAS ® version 9.1.3, 2003). For SCC data was used a Poisson distribution, and examined under approach of generalized linear models. There were no statistically significant differences in milk production (16.20 x 16.49), 3,50% fat corrected milk production (16.34 x 16.61), milk fat concentration (3.57 x 3.57%) and milk protein concentration (3.12 x 3.13%) respectively for cows from the control group and those receiving HMBi. Cows ½ BWH ½ Jersey, despite the lower body weight and lower concentrate intake, produced milk with higher protein content than cows BWH, and produced the same amount of milk fat and protein

Composição física da carcaça e características físico-químicas da carne de bovinos da raça Nelore

Assessment of carcass physical composition and physicochemical characteristics of meat from Nellore males distributed randomly into three treatments: males castrated at 13 months of age at puberty (n=26); castrated at 18 months of age, 15 days before confinement (n=26); and young bulls (n=25). For the evaluation of meat chemical characteristics, we used samples of 12 animals taken at random from each treatment. The experimental design was completely randomized. Animals were slaughtered at 22 months of age after 100 days of confinement. The carcasses of young bulls showed higher contents of muscle (66.46 %) and bone (16.03 %), and lower fat content (17.66 %), in relation to that of steers castrated at 13 (62.83,15.28, and 22.11 %, respectively) or 18 months (63.99, 15.29, and 21.53%, respectively), which did not differ amongst themselves. The meat of young bulls was darker (3.07 points) than the meat from those castrated at 13 months of age (3.43 points), while the meat from those castrated at 18 months displayed an intermediate color (3.29 points), not differing from the others. Young bulls yielded meat with lower content of intramuscular fat (3.18 points) and lipids (3.81%) in relation to those castrated at 13 (4.58 points and 6.77%, respectively) or 18 months (4.52 points and 5.66%, respectively). Protein content was higher (P 0.05) by the age of castration, with young bulls having lower values in relation to the castrated males. Castration of Nellore young bulls in early puberty increases the edible portion of the carcass due to the higher body fat deposit.Avaliação da composição física da carcaça e das características físico-químicas da carne de tourinhos e novilhos Nelore distribuidos aleatoriamente em três tratamentos: machos castrados aos 13 meses de idade, no início da puberdade (n=26); castrados aos 18 meses, 15 dias antes do início do confinamento (n=26); e não castrados (n=25). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com 12 repetições. Os animais foram abatidos com 22 meses de idade após 100 dias de confinamento. Os tourinhos apresentaram maior conteúdo de músculo (66,46%) e osso (16,03%), e menor conteúdo de gordura (17,66%) na carcaça em relação aos castrados com 13 (62,83; 15,28 e 22,11%, respectivamente) ou 18 meses (63,99; 15,30 e 20,96%, respectivamente), que não diferiram entre si. A carne de tourinhos foi mais escura (3,07 pontos) em relação aos castrados aos 13 meses de idade (3,43 pontos), enquanto a carne dos castrados aos 18 meses apresentou coloração intermediária (3,29 pontos), não diferindo dos demais. Tourinhos produziram carne com menor conteúdo de gordura intramuscular (3,18 pontos) e de lipídios (3,81%) em relação aos castrados com 13 meses (4,58 pontos e 6,77%, respectivamente) ou 18 meses de idade (4,52 pontos e 5,66%, respectivamente). O teor de proteína foi maior (P<0,05) na carne dos novilhos castrados aos 13 meses em relação aos tourinhos. A força de cisalhamento das fibras musculares foi maior nos animais castrados aos 13 meses em relação aos não castrados. A castração de tourinhos Nelore no início da puberdade aumenta a porção comestível da carcaça em razão do depósito de gordura corporal.

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P &lt; 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)