9,378 research outputs found
A time of reckoning? Russia and the Council of Europe
An analysis of Russia's expulsion from the Council of Europ
On inter-state litigation and armed conflict cases in Strasbourg
The reluctance of Council of Europe member states to challenge each other at the bar of Europe, through the litigation of inter-state cases at the European Court, used to be a regular feature of the Strasbourg system. However, conflicts of different kinds in eastern Europe have led to a surge of such cases in recent years, as well as the introduction of thousands of related individual applications. The serious challenges presented, in particular by conflict-related cases, have led some commentators to question whether they can feasibly remain part of the Strasbourg process. For others, the focus should rather be on how such cases can be more effectively processed and assessed. This article emphasises the significance of both inter-state cases in general, and of cases arising from armed conflict (including individual applications): their political and legal importance; their centrality to the European human rights system; and how vital they are for individual victims of human rights violations. It analyses a number of controversial or challenging aspects of the adjudication of these cases, and puts forward some proposals for reform
Symmetry Properties of Autonomous Integrating Factors
We study the symmetry properties of autonomous integrating factors from an
algebraic point of view. The symmetries are delineated for the resulting
integrals treated as equations and symmetries of the integrals treated as
functions or configurational invariants. The succession of terms (pattern) is
noted. The general pattern for the solution symmetries for equations in the
simplest form of maximal order is given and the properties of the associated
integrals resulting from this analysis are given.Comment: Published in SIGMA (Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and
Applications) at http://www.emis.de/journals/SIGMA
Gauge Variant Symmetries for the Schr\"odinger Equation
The last multiplier of Jacobi provides a route for the determination of
families of Lagrangians for a given system. We show that the members of a
family are equivalent in that they differ by a total time derivative. We derive
the Schr\"odinger equation for a one-degree-of-freedom system with a constant
multiplier. In the sequel we consider the particular example of the simple
harmonic oscillator. In the case of the general equation for the simple
harmonic oscillator which contains an arbitrary function we show that all
Schr\"odinger equations possess the same number of Lie point symmetries with
the same algebra. From the symmetries we construct the solutions of the
Schr\"odinger equation and find that they differ only by a phase determined by
the gauge.Comment: 12 page
Posttranslational modifications of proteins in the pathobiology of medically relevant fungi
Peer reviewedPublisher PD
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