Natural degradation ways of herbicides of sulfonylurea group

Currently in agriculture much attention is paid to development and use of low-cost and at the same time effective methods of fight against weeds. In this regard, widely purchased sulfonylurea herbicides. The paper presents the general characteristics, mechanism of action, degradation pathways (hydrolysis, photochemical transformation and microbial degradation) of metsulfuron-methyl and tribenuronmethyl. The key role of chromato-mass-spectrometry to establish the mechanisms of destruction these herbicides by soil microorganisms is shown

Chemical processes causing spoilage of oil and fat products

Article is devoted to the problem of spoilage of oil and fat products in the course of their production, transportation and storage which is caused by the hydrolytic and oxidative processes leading to deterioration of organoleptic properties of fat and oil products and decrease in their nutrition value. Chemical basics of hydrolysis of triacylglycerols are considered in detail. The mechanisms of an acid and base catalysis of hydrolysis of acyl bonds are presented. The mechanisms of lipid peroxidation, antioxidant action of ascorbic acid and ?-tocopherol are shown. Influence of natural vegetable emulsifiers and antioxidant vitamins on quality of margarine and spreads during storage is shown

Особенности ведения пациентов с хронической обструктивной болезнью легких на фоне отказа от табакокурения: фокус – на оптимизацию поддерживающей терапии

The aim of this study was to investigate effects of stepping down the dose of inhaled steroid (ICS) or ICS withdrawal in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treated with an adequate bronchodilating therapy and quitting smoking. Methods. The study was performed in real clinical settings. Patients with COPD (n = 41) involved in educational smoking cessation program were followed for 9 months in outpatient settings. Smoking cessation program included varenicline, adequate physical activity, nutritional counseling and bronchodilating therapy; one of the aims of the treatment was ICS dose reduction or complete withdrawal of ICS. Results. Long-acting beta-2-agonist (LABA) indacaterol and dual bronchodilators (indacaterol/glycopyrronium or indacaterol/tiotropium) were effective in patients with COPD quitting tobacco smoking. ICS dose was reduced more quickly in patients treated with indacaterol or dual bronchodilators compared to those treated with formoterol. Quitting smoking was associated with improvement in CAT score and reduction in COPD exacerbation rate. Conclusion. Treatment with indacaterol or indacaterol/glycopyrronium combination was associated with more rapid and safe stepping down the dose of ICS or ICS withdrawal in COPD patients quitting tobacco smoking compared to those treated with formoterol.Табакокурение (ТК) является основным модифицируемым фактором риска развития хронической обструктивной болезни легких (ХОБЛ). При отказе от ТК в 1-ю неделю происходит усиление бронхообструктивного синдрома, что может являться одной из причин возобновления курения. Материалы и методы. На базе кабинета по отказу от ТК Санкт-Петербургского государственного бюджетного учреждения здравоохранения «Городская поликлиника № 54» в условиях реальной амбулаторной практики проходили обучение пациенты с ХОБЛ (n = 41). Наблюдение осуществлялось в амбулаторных условиях через 3 и 9 мес. от начала исследования. Отказ от ТК осуществлялся при использовании варениклина на фоне адекватной физической активности, рационального питания и подбора бронхолитической терапии ХОБЛ; при этом одной из задач являлось снижение дозы и отмена терапии ингаляционными глюкокортикостероидами (иГКС). Результаты. По данным исследования продемонстрированы эффективность адекватной базисной терапии бронходилататорами длительного действия на фоне отказа от ТК у пациентов с ХОБЛ и возможность снижения дозы или полной отмены иГКС. При этом отмечена стабилизация респираторного статуса и гемодинамических показателей. Подтверждена эффективность применения длительно действующего β2-агониста (ДДБА) индакатерола, а также двойной комбинации индакатерола и длительно действующих антихолинергических препаратов (гликопирроний или тиотропий) как основы базисной терапии у пациентов с ХОБЛ в период отказа от ТК. Заключение. Продемонстрирована возможность более быстрого достоверного снижения дозы или полной отмены терапии иГКС у пациентов, получавших индакатерол в период отказа от ТК, по сравнению с лицами, принимавшими другой ДДБА – формотерол. Показано преимущество применения индакатерола, особенно в сочетании с гликопирронием

Chemical processes causing spoilage of oil and fat products

Article is devoted to the problem of spoilage of oil and fat products in the course of their production, transportation and storage which is caused by the hydrolytic and oxidative processes leading to deterioration of organoleptic properties of fat and oil products and decrease in their nutrition value. Chemical basics of hydrolysis of triacylglycerols are considered in detail. The mechanisms of an acid and base catalysis of hydrolysis of acyl bonds are presented. The mechanisms of lipid peroxidation, antioxidant action of ascorbic acid and ?-tocopherol are shown. Influence of natural vegetable emulsifiers and antioxidant vitamins on quality of margarine and spreads during storage is shown

Natural degradation ways of herbicides of sulfonylurea group

Currently in agriculture much attention is paid to development and use of low-cost and at the same time effective methods of fight against weeds. In this regard, widely purchased sulfonylurea herbicides. The paper presents the general characteristics, mechanism of action, degradation pathways (hydrolysis, photochemical transformation and microbial degradation) of metsulfuron-methyl and tribenuronmethyl. The key role of chromato-mass-spectrometry to establish the mechanisms of destruction these herbicides by soil microorganisms is shown

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A SPECTROFLUORIMETRIC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF PHENIBUT IN TABLET DRUGS

The developed method for the quantitative determination of phenibut in tablet drugs is based on the dansylation reaction in an alkaline medium (pH 9.18). The reaction results in the formation of a fluorescent derivative with λem=505 nm and λex=335 nm. Optimal conditions were selected to complete the reaction: temperature and time of thermostatting (40 °C and 15 min), molar ratio of phenibut and dansyl chloride (1:1.4). The method was validated in parameters of specificity, linearity, precision and accuracy. A plot of fluorescence intensity versus concentration of phenibut over the range of 800-1200 ng/ml is described by the regression equation y =0.1003x+1.4685 ( r =0.9999). The limit of detection and limit of quantification were 29.55 и 89.54 ng/ml respectively