Урожайність зерна квасолі звичайної залежно від обробітку грунту, мінеральних добрив та ширини міжряддя при зрошенні

 Actuality. Nowadays there is a tendency to change agricultural producers attitude to leguminous crops. First of all it concerns winter pea, chickpea, lentil and haricot. At the moment sown areas under haricot are being expanded mainly at the expense of the private sector. The industrial cultivation is insignificant and does not extend, mainly, because of too little knowledge in haricot cultivation technology elements in different agro-climatic zones. Lately the works dedicated to different aspects of the haricot cultivation technology have been conducted by Saiko O.Yu., Horova T.K., Cherkasova V.K., Akulenko V.V., Bakhmat M.I., Omae H., Kumar A., Egawa E. Along with this, effect of tillage depth, fertilizers and inter-row spacing on the haricot productivity under conditions of the energy and financial crisis has not been completely studied for the irrigated conditions of the South Steppe Zone of Ukraine, that determined  necessity of the proper studies in the above-mentioned field. Methods of the studies. The research on the improvement of the elements of the cultivation technology of haricot beans in the south of Ukraine was carried out using a three-factor field experiment on the territory of the agricultural cooperative «Radianska zemlia» in Bilozerskyi district of Kherson region. The field experiments were repeated four times. The location of the variants was carried out using a split plot method with partial randomization. In the field experiments, the following factors and their variants were  examined: Factor A — basic soil tillage: tillage of 20-22 cm deep; tillage of 28-30 cm deep. Factor B – nutrition background: no fertilizer; N45P45; N90P90. Factor C – the width of row spacing, cm: 15; 30; 45; 60. The studies were carried out with accordance to the common methodology of the field experiments. Precipitation amounts during vegetation period of the crop were determined by using the rain gauge installed at the research plot.  Temperature, air relative humidity were fixed by using the data of the Kherson regional meteorological station. Crop yields were established by using the method of entire harvesting. Grain yields data were recalculated to the standard moisture of 14% and one hundred percent purity. Yields data were estimated by using the agronomic criteria and statistically processed. The investigated elements of the cultivation technology of haricot beans when irrigated from the Ingulets main canal, its water belongs to the second quality grade (limited suitability), have a significant effect on the productivity of the crop. On average, in 2014-2016, the grain yields ranged from 1.47 to 3.37 t/ha. According to the results the cultivation of 28-30 cm deep ensured better conditions for the growth and development of haricot plants, which affected the level of its yield. On average, for the years of the research the implementation of this cultivation ensured the yield increase from 0.02 to 0.08 t/ha compared to the tillage of 20-22 cm deep. But these figures according to the conducted dispersion analysis are within the limits of the error (LSD(P<0.05) for the years of the research was 0,04-0,05 t/ha for factor A). The tillage of 20-22 cm deep ensured the yield formation of the crop of the varieties without fertilizers, on average, for the years of the research – 1.95 t/ha. The application of nitrogen-phosphorous fertilizers in the amount of 45 kg/ha of the active substance provided increase in the yields of haricot bean grain at the level of 0.41-0.78 t/ha. The increase in twice of the amount of active ingredient did not provide a similar increase in the growth of the grain yield. Under these conditions, the growth compared to non-fertilized variants was 0.54-0.78 t/ha, and compared to the previous variant it was only 6.1%. The analysis of the long-term data shows that the maximum productivity of haricot plants was fixed when the row width was 45 cm. When the row spacing was between 15 and 45 cm wide the crop yield increased, on average, from 1.79 to 2.97 t/ha when the tillage was 20-22 cm deep and from 1.81 to 3.04 when the tillage was 28-30 cm deep. A further increase in the width of the row spacing to 60 cm led to a significant reduction in the crop yield. Conclusions. The research conducted with haricot under irrigation with irrigation water of the second quality grade (the Ingulets irrigated area) during 2014-2016 showed that the highest productivity of the plants of 3,37 t/ha is formed when the tillage is 28-30 cm deep, the application of mineral fertilizers with the norm N90P90and the row width of 45 cm. Taking into account the conducted dispersion data analysis we maintain that the most suitable for the introduction into production will be the following elements of the agro-technological complex of cultivation of the crop, which will include tillage of 20-22 cm deep, the application of mineral fertilizers with the norm N45P45 and sowing with the spacing of 45 cm. These technological elements will provide haricot grain yield of at the level of 3.09 t/ha.У статті представлені результати багаторічних польових досліджень з вивчення продуктивності рослин квасолі звичайної залежно від обробітку ґрунту, мінеральних добрив та ширини міжряддя при зрошенні в умовах Південного Степу України. Проаналізовані експериментальні дані та висновки, підтверджені проведенням дисперсійного аналізу. Удосконалені елементи технології вирощування культури, які дають змогу отримувати високі врожаї зерна квасолі звичайної

Comparing Probabilistic Models for Melodic Sequences

Modelling the real world complexity of music is a challenge for machine learning. We address the task of modeling melodic sequences from the same music genre. We perform a comparative analysis of two probabilistic models; a Dirichlet Variable Length Markov Model (Dirichlet-VMM) and a Time Convolutional Restricted Boltzmann Machine (TC-RBM). We show that the TC-RBM learns descriptive music features, such as underlying chords and typical melody transitions and dynamics. We assess the models for future prediction and compare their performance to a VMM, which is the current state of the art in melody generation. We show that both models perform significantly better than the VMM, with the Dirichlet-VMM marginally outperforming the TC-RBM. Finally, we evaluate the short order statistics of the models, using the Kullback-Leibler divergence between test sequences and model samples, and show that our proposed methods match the statistics of the music genre significantly better than the VMM.Comment: in Proceedings of the ECML-PKDD 2011. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 6913, pp. 289-304. Springer (2011

Analysis of the options of modernization of roller-bit drilling machines with a submersible steamer

The designs of submersible hammers and dampers protected by patents for reducing the vibration of the drilling rig of roller drill machines are proposed. The variants of modernizing drilling rigs for drilling hard rocks and faces of complex structures are considered. Particular attention is paid to the joint work of submersible shockers and pneumatic shock absorbers, the preferred schemes for the arrangement of these devices by drilling rigs are indicated. The results of experimental tests of machines with pneumatic hammers are presented to determine the vibration performance and drilling speeds. The pneumatic hammer allows increasing the speed of drilling process to the intensification of the destruction of the plain face by the shock load and the cleavage of the protrusions of the unevenness of the face, the better fitting of the bit to the face and the release of the blades or the bit pins from the drill bit. The choice of a particular type of damper or shock absorber depends on its design scheme and the possibility of changing the design of the drill string. With the complexity of installing a damping device in the mast (with significant dimensions of shock absorbers and drilling of strong heterogeneous rocks), it is advisable to use a set of tools to reduce hydraulic pulsations in the mains and cylinders of the hydraulic system by installing chokes in the oil plants and pneumatic shock absorbers. It is proposed to use the device for the development of pneumatic hammers by a patent-pending drilling method with a hollow piston filled with magnetically active heavy liquid, which will allow controlling the frequency and size of the shock pulses and partially compensating for the drill string fluctuations arising from the uneven immersion of the bit in the array . It is noted that the proposed solutions increase the drilling speed by an average of 15%

Sparse Kernel Learning for Image Annotation

In this paper we introduce a sparse kernel learning frame-work for the Continuous Relevance Model (CRM). State-of-the-art image annotation models linearly combine evidence from several different feature types to improve image anno-tation accuracy. While previous authors have focused on learning the linear combination weights for these features, there has been no work examining the optimal combination of kernels. We address this gap by formulating a sparse kernel learning framework for the CRM, dubbed the SKL-CRM, that greedily selects an optimal combination of ker-nels. Our kernel learning framework rapidly converges to an annotation accuracy that substantially outperforms a host of state-of-the-art annotation models. We make two surprising conclusions: firstly, if the kernels are chosen correctly, only a very small number of features are required so to achieve superior performance over models that utilise a full suite of feature types; and secondly, the standard default selection of kernels commonly used in the literature is sub-optimal, and it is much better to adapt the kernel choice based on the feature type and image dataset

OBSERVATIONS ON NAVICULA THALLODES (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE), A BLADE-FORMING DIATOM FROM THE BERING SEA 1

A thallus-forming diatom, Navicula thallodes Proschkina-Lavrenko, previously known only from the original collection at Bering Island (U.S.S.R.), has been found at Amchitka Island in the Aleutians, Alaska. The most remarkable observation of the present report is that N. thallodes may form blades up to 50 cm long, which to our knowledge is the greatest length reported for a colonial diatom. SEM observations of this diatom are presented for the first time.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/65176/1/j.1529-8817.1988.tb04487.x.pd

Fly's time

The struggle between public and private efforts to sequence the fly genome is the subject of Michael Ashburner's new book, Won for All: How the Drosophila Genome Was Sequence