1994 Kentucky Timothy Variety Test Report

Timothy (Phleum pratense) is the fourth most widely sown cool-season perennial grass used in Kentucky for forage, ranking behind tall fescue, orchardgrass, and Kentucky bluegrass. It is a late-maturing bunchgrass that can be used for grazing but is mainly harvested as hay, particularly for horses. For hay production, timothy can be sown with alfalfa or red clover, while white clover or birdsfoot trefoil make good mixtures with timothy for grazing. Management is similar to that for other cool-season grasses. Harvesting at the mid- to late-boot stage is needed to assure good yields and high forage quality. Quality of timothy declines more rapidly than other cool-season grasses as it over-matures. In Kentucky, timothy behaves like a shortlived perennial with stands lasting for 2-3 years

1993 Kentucky Timothy Variety Test Report

Timothy (Phleum pratense) is the fourth most widely grown cool-season perennial grass used in Kentucky for forage, ranking behind tall fescue, orchardgrass, and Kentucky bluegrass. It is a late maturing bunchgrass that can be used for grazing but is mainly harvested as hay, particularly for horses. Management is similar to that for other cool season-grasses. Harvesting at the proper stage of maturity (mid- to late-boot) is needed to assure high forage quality; otherwise, quality of timothy declines more rapidly than other cool-season grasses as it overmatures. In Kentucky, timothy behaves like a short-lived perennial with stands lasting for 2-3 years. Table 1 lists other College of Agriculture publications related to the establishment, management, and utilization of timothy that are available from your local county extension office

1990 Kentucky Red Clover Variety Test

Red clover is a high quality, shortlived perennial legume that is used in mixed or pure stands for pasture, hay, silage, green chop, and soil improvement. This species is adapted to a wide range of climatic and soil conditions and therefore is very versatile as a forage crop. Stands are generally productive for two or three years with the highest yields occurring in the year following establishment. Red clover is used primarily as a renovation legume for grass pastures. It is the dominant legume in Kentucky because it is high in seedling vigor, quality, yield, and animal acceptance

1990 Kentucky Winter Annual Legume Variety Test

Cover crops are often used in Kentucky following the harvest of row crops such as tobacco, corn, and soybeans. Living cover crops can prevent erosion, reduce leaching of nutrients, and supply grazing, green manure, or a plant cover in which to no-till the following spring

1993 Kentucky Bluegrass Variety Test Report

Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) is the third most prominent cool-season grass used in Kentucky for, forage, behind tall fescue and orchardgrass. As with all cool-season grasses, Kentucky bluegrass does best in cooler weather, becoming dormant in hot, dry conditions. It is a high quality, long-lived, rhizomatous grass that is used for both turf and forage. Compared to other cool-season grasses, Kentucky bluegrass is slower to germinate (2-3 weeks) and generally is lower in seedling vigor and herbage yield. Most recent varieties of Kentucky bluegrass have been developed for turf use; therefore, primary emphasis has been placed on improving turf quality factors such as color and texture. Several of these varieties have also been\u27 used on horse farms because it is a low growing species that is tolerant of close grazing by horses. It is highly acceptable to horses and has no known toxicities. In horse pastures, Kentucky bluegrass grows well with white clover, a low growing, grazing tolerant legume, that is also a favorite of horse pasture managers. While it is more suited for use by grazing animals Kentucky bluegrass may be harvested as hay. Management is similar to that for other cool season grasses

1994 Kentucky Bluegrass Variety Test Report

Kentucky bluegrass (Poapratensis) is the third most prominent cool-season grass used in Kentucky for forage, behind tall fescue and orchardgrass. As with all cool-season grasses, Kentucky bluegrass does best in cooler weather, becoming relatively non-productive in hot, dry conditions. It is a high quality, long-lived, rhizomatous grass that is used for both turf and forage. Compared to other cool-season grasses, Kentucky bluegrass is slower to germinate (2-3 weeks) and generally is lower in seedling vigor and herbage yield. Most recent varieties have been developed for turf use. Several have been used in horse pastures even though they were not developed for forage use because Kentucky bluegrass is a low growing species that is tolerant of close grazing by horses. It is highly palatable to horses and has no known toxicities. In horse pastures, Kentucky bluegrass grows well with white clover, a low growing, grazing-tolerant legume, that is also a favorite of horse pasture managers. While it is more suited for use by grazing animals, Kentucky bluegrass may be harvested as hay. Management is similar to that for other cool-season grasses

Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 attenuates the toxicity of carbon tetrachloride

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is routinely used as a model compound for eliciting centrilobular hepatotoxicity. It can be bioactivated to the trichloromethyl radical, which causes extensive lipid peroxidation and ultimately cell death by necrosis. Overactivation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) can rapidly reduce the levels of (β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and adenosine triphosphate and ultimately promote necrosis. The aim of this study was to determine whether inhibition of PARP-1 could decrease CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity, as measured by degree of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation, serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lipid peroxidation,and oxidative DNA damage. For this purpose, male ICR mice were administered intraperitoneally a hepatotoxic dose of CCl4 with or without 6(5H)-phenanthridinone, a potent inhibitor of PARP-1. Animals treated with CCl4 exhibited extensive poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation in centrilobular hepatocytes, elevated serum levels of LDH, and increased lipid peroxidation. In contrast, animals treated concomitantly with CCl4 and 6(5H)-phenanthridinone showed significantly lower levels of poly(ADP-ribosyl) ation, serum LDH, and lipid peroxidation. No changes were observed in the levels of oxidative DNA damage regardless of treatment. These results demonstrated that the hepatotoxicity of CCl4is dependent on the overactivation of PARP-1 and that inhibition of this enzyme attenuates the hepatotoxicity of CCl4

The Potential of N-Rich Plasma-Polymerized Ethylene (PPE:N) Films for Regulating the Phenotype of the Nucleus Pulposus

We recently developed a nitrogen-rich plasma-polymerized biomaterial, designated “PPE:N” (N-doped plasma-polymerized ethylene) that is capable of suppressing cellular hypertrophy while promoting type I collagen and aggrecan expression in mesenchymal stem cells from osteoarthritis patients. We then hypothesized that these surfaces would form an ideal substrate on which the nucleus pulposus (NP) phenotype would be maintained. Recent evidence using microarrays showed that in young rats, the relative mRNA levels of glypican-3 (GPC3) and pleiotrophin binding factor (PTN) were significantly higher in nucleus pulposus (NP) compared to annulus fibrosus (AF) and articular cartilage. Furthermore, vimentin (VIM) mRNA levels were higher in NP versus articular cartilage. In contrast, the levels of expression of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and matrix gla protein precursor (MGP) were lower in NP compared to articular cartilage. The objective of this study was to compare the expression profiles of these genes in NP cells from fetal bovine lumbar discs when cultured on either commercial polystyrene (PS) tissue culture dishes or on PPE:N with time. We found that the expression of these genes varies with the concentration of N ([N]). More specifically, the expression of several genes of NP was sensitive to [N], with a decrease of GPC3, VIM, PTN, and MGP in function of decreasing [N]. The expression of aggrecan, collagen type I, and collagen type II was also studied: no significant differences were observed in the cells on different surfaces with different culture time. The results support the concept that PPE:N may be a suitable scaffold for the culture of NP cells. Further studies are however necessary to better understand their effects on cellular phenotypes

The Application of Archival Concepts to a Data-Intensive Environment: Working with Scientists to Understand Data Management and Preservation Needs

The collection, organization, and long-term preservation of resources are the raison d’être of archives and archivists. The archival community, however, has largely neglected science data, assuming they were outside the bounds of their professional concerns. Scientists, on the other hand, increasingly recognize that they lack the skills and expertise needed to meet the demands being placed on them with regard to data curation and are seeking the help of “data archivists” and “data curators.” This represents a significant opportunity for archivists and archival scholars but one that can only be realized if they better understand the scientific context.National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0724300Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/86738/1/Akmonetal2011.pd