On the relation between the electron content of the ionospheric D-region, variations of the riometer absorption, and the H-component of the geomagnetic field

The correlation between lower ionosphere disturbances, geomagnetic variations and radiowave absorption is an important geophysical problem. The correlation is investigated between the electron density profile structure and riometer absorption, and between the absorption and the H-component magnetic field, in order to determine the relation between the (e)-profile parameters and the geomagnetic field variations

Comparative genomic reconstruction of transcriptional networks controlling central metabolism in the <it>Shewanella</it> genus

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Genome-scale prediction of gene regulation and reconstruction of transcriptional regulatory networks in bacteria is one of the critical tasks of modern genomics. The <it>Shewanella</it> genus is comprised of metabolically versatile gamma-proteobacteria, whose lifestyles and natural environments are substantially different from <it>Escherichia coli</it> and other model bacterial species. The comparative genomics approaches and computational identification of regulatory sites are useful for the <it>in silico</it> reconstruction of transcriptional regulatory networks in bacteria.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>To explore conservation and variations in the <it>Shewanella</it> transcriptional networks we analyzed the repertoire of transcription factors and performed genomics-based reconstruction and comparative analysis of regulons in 16 <it>Shewanella</it> genomes. The inferred regulatory network includes 82 transcription factors and their DNA binding sites, 8 riboswitches and 6 translational attenuators. Forty five regulons were newly inferred from the genome context analysis, whereas others were propagated from previously characterized regulons in the Enterobacteria and <it>Pseudomonas</it> spp.. Multiple variations in regulatory strategies between the <it>Shewanella</it> spp. and <it>E. coli</it> include regulon contraction and expansion (as in the case of PdhR, HexR, FadR), numerous cases of recruiting non-orthologous regulators to control equivalent pathways (e.g. PsrA for fatty acid degradation) and, conversely, orthologous regulators to control distinct pathways (e.g. TyrR, ArgR, Crp).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We tentatively defined the first reference collection of ~100 transcriptional regulons in 16 <it>Shewanella</it> genomes. The resulting regulatory network contains ~600 regulated genes per genome that are mostly involved in metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, metals, and stress responses. Several reconstructed regulons including NagR for N-acetylglucosamine catabolism were experimentally validated in <it>S. oneidensis</it> MR-1. Analysis of correlations in gene expression patterns helps to interpret the reconstructed regulatory network. The inferred regulatory interactions will provide an additional regulatory constrains for an integrated model of metabolism and regulation in <it>S. oneidensis</it> MR-1.</p

Comparative genomic reconstruction of transcriptional networks controlling central metabolism in the Shewanella genus.

BackgroundGenome-scale prediction of gene regulation and reconstruction of transcriptional regulatory networks in bacteria is one of the critical tasks of modern genomics. The Shewanella genus is comprised of metabolically versatile gamma-proteobacteria, whose lifestyles and natural environments are substantially different from Escherichia coli and other model bacterial species. The comparative genomics approaches and computational identification of regulatory sites are useful for the in silico reconstruction of transcriptional regulatory networks in bacteria.ResultsTo explore conservation and variations in the Shewanella transcriptional networks we analyzed the repertoire of transcription factors and performed genomics-based reconstruction and comparative analysis of regulons in 16 Shewanella genomes. The inferred regulatory network includes 82 transcription factors and their DNA binding sites, 8 riboswitches and 6 translational attenuators. Forty five regulons were newly inferred from the genome context analysis, whereas others were propagated from previously characterized regulons in the Enterobacteria and Pseudomonas spp.. Multiple variations in regulatory strategies between the Shewanella spp. and E. coli include regulon contraction and expansion (as in the case of PdhR, HexR, FadR), numerous cases of recruiting non-orthologous regulators to control equivalent pathways (e.g. PsrA for fatty acid degradation) and, conversely, orthologous regulators to control distinct pathways (e.g. TyrR, ArgR, Crp).ConclusionsWe tentatively defined the first reference collection of ~100 transcriptional regulons in 16 Shewanella genomes. The resulting regulatory network contains ~600 regulated genes per genome that are mostly involved in metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, metals, and stress responses. Several reconstructed regulons including NagR for N-acetylglucosamine catabolism were experimentally validated in S. oneidensis MR-1. Analysis of correlations in gene expression patterns helps to interpret the reconstructed regulatory network. The inferred regulatory interactions will provide an additional regulatory constrains for an integrated model of metabolism and regulation in S. oneidensis MR-1