182 research outputs found
Principper for sundhedsmÌssig vurdering af kemiske stoffer med henblik pü fastsÌttelse af kvalitetskriterier for luft, jord og vand:Miljøprojekt 9742005
Virkningsmekanismer for neurotoksisk effekt af mangan og kombinationseffekt af mangan, chlorpyrifos og maneb
Lung inflammation and genotoxicity following pulmonary exposure to nanoparticles in ApoE-/- mice
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The toxic and inflammatory potential of 5 different types of nanoparticles were studied in a sensitive model for pulmonary effects in apolipoprotein E knockout mice (ApoE<sup>-/-</sup>). We studied the effects instillation or inhalation Printex 90 of carbon black (CB) and compared CB instillation in ApoE-/- and C57 mice. Three and 24 h after pulmonary exposure, inflammation was assessed by mRNA levels of cytokines in lung tissue, cell composition, genotoxicity, protein and lactate dehydrogenase activity in broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Firstly, we found that intratracheal instillation of CB caused far more pulmonary toxicity in ApoE<sup>-/- </sup>mice than in C57 mice. Secondly, we showed that instillation of CB was more toxic than inhalation of a presumed similar dose with respect to inflammation in the lungs of ApoE<sup>-/- </sup>mice. Thirdly, we compared effects of instillation in ApoE<sup>-/- </sup>mice of three carbonaceous particles; CB, fullerenes C<sub>60 </sub>(C<sub>60</sub>) and single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) as well as gold particles and quantum dots (QDs). Characterization of the instillation media revealed that all particles were delivered as agglomerates and aggregates. Significant increases in <it>Il-6, Mip-2 </it>and <it>Mcp-1 </it>mRNA were detected in lung tissue, 3 h and 24 h following instillation of SWCNT, CB and QDs. DNA damage in BAL cells, the fraction of neutrophils in BAL cells and protein in BAL fluid increased statistically significantly. Gold and C<sub>60 </sub>particles caused much weaker inflammatory responses.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our data suggest that ApoE<sup>-/- </sup>model is sensitive for evaluating particle induced inflammation. Overall QDs had greatest effects followed by CB and SWCNT with C<sub>60 </sub>and gold being least inflammatory and DNA-damaging. However the gold was used at a much lower mass dose than the other particles. The strong effects of QDs were likely due to Cd release. The surface area of the instilled dose correlated well the inflammatory response for low toxicity particles.</p
MicroRNA-29a is up-regulated in beta-cells by glucose and decreases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion
Children and the unborn child, Exposure and susceptibility to chemical substances â an evaluation:Report to the Danish Environmental Protection Agency
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