Genetic patterns within and among populations of Gypsophila fastigiata subsp. arenaria (Caryophyllaceae) in the Western Pannonian region

Die Intensivierung der Landwirtschaft führte zu einer massiven Abnahme der früher weit verbreiteten Trockenrasen und Steppengebiete in der Pannonischen Region. Die stark gefährdete pannonische Gypsophila fastigiata subsp. arenaria erreicht in Ostösterreich mit einer einzigen Population ihre westlichste Verbreitungsgrenze. Im Zuge eines Rekultivierungsprogramms wurden in der Nähe der Originalpopulation zwei Filialpopulationen gegründet. Die Hauptziele der vorliegenden Arbeit waren, die genetischen Diversitätsmuster zwischen der Originalpopulation und den neu etablierten Populationen zu vergleichen und darüber hinaus die Diversität der benachbarten Populationen und der Vorkommen im Hauptverbreitungsgebiet, sowie die Differenzierungsmuster zwischen allen Populationen zu untersuchen. Zusätzlich wurden Fortpflanzungssysteme und Demographie der österreichischen Populationen untersucht. Verglichen mit der Originalpopulation konnte in den Filialpopulationen kein genetischer Diversitätsverlust festgestellt werden. Hingegen wurde eine Abnahme der genetischen Diversität von den Populationen der zentralpannonischen Region im Hauptverbreitungsgebiet in Richtung der isolierten Populationen im Westen beobachtet. Die untersuchten Populationen waren genetisch klar entsprechend ihrer geographischen Verteilung voneinander getrennt. Bestäubungs-Experimente und Pollen/Ovule Ratios ergaben ein Mixed Mating System der untersuchten Art. Demographische Beobachtungen zeigten eine Korrelation zwischen Vegetationsdecke und Keimlingssterblichkeit. Die Studie zeigt, dass die Erhaltungsmaßnahmen die ursprüngliche genetische Variation in den neu gegründeten österreichischen Populationen bewahren konnten.Increasing agriculture lead to a major decease of formerly widespread dry grasslands and steppe areas in the Pannonian region. The highly endangered Pannonian Gypsophila fastigiata subsp. arenaria reaches its westernmost distribution range in eastern Austria, where the species was present only in one original population until two filial populations were founded in the course of a restoration project. The main objectives of the present study were to compare genetic diversity patterns among the original population and the newly established populations. Furthermore the diversity in adjacent populations and occurrences in the main distribution area were investigated as well as differentiation patterns among all populations. In addition the breeding system and demography were investigated in the Austrian populations. No loss of genetic diversity was found in newly established populations compared to the original population. However, a decrease of genetic diversity from the main distribution area of the species in the central Pannonian region towards the isolated populations in the west was observed. The investigated populations were clearly genetically separated according to their geographical distribution. Pollination experiments and pollen/ovule ratios revealed a mixed mating system in the species. Demographic observations showed a correlation between vegetation cover and seedling mortality. The study attests that restoration activities could preserve the original genetic variation in the newly founded Austrian populations

Pinus telethria Heldr.

<i>Pinus telethria</i> Heldr. <i>in herb.</i> <p>Authentic specimens:—[Greece] Euboae septentrionalis: in monte Telethrion, in reg. infer. silvas efformans, alt. 800– 1200’, prope Kastanistissa: 4 July 1890, T. H. H. von Heldreich s.n. (WU 0080309, WU 0080311).—[Greece] Euboae septentrionalis: in monte Telethrion, in reg. infer. prope Kastanistissa, silvas efformans, alt. 800–1200’: 4 July 1890, T. H. H. von Heldreich s.n. (WU 0080310).</p> <p> <b>Plantaginaceae</b></p>Published as part of <i>Reich, Dieter, Gutermann, Walter, Bardy, Katharina, Rainer, Heimo, Raus, Thomas, Sonnleitner, Michaela, Tan, Kit & Lachmayer, Margarita, 2021, The type specimens in Eugen von Halácsy´s Herbarium Graecum, pp. 1-156 in Phytotaxa 493 (1)</i> on page 134, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.493.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5755400">http://zenodo.org/record/5755400</a&gt

Olea europaea subvar. atheniensis Heldr.

<i>Olea europaea</i> subvar. <i>atheniensis</i> Heldr. <i>in herb.</i> <p>Authentic specimen:—[Greece] Attica: culta in oliveto Athenarum: 24 May 1884 (flor.) & 17 November 1884 (fruct.), T. H. H. von Heldreich 859 (WU 0078988).</p> <p> <b> <i>Olea europaea</i> subvar. <i>leucocarpa</i></b> Heldr. <i>in herb.</i></p> <p>Authentic specimen:—[Greece] Attica: var. fructibus maturis albis, rarius culta: 23 May 1884 (flor.) & 12 November 1884 (fruct.), T. H. H. von Heldreich 861 (WU 0078989).</p>Published as part of <i>Reich, Dieter, Gutermann, Walter, Bardy, Katharina, Rainer, Heimo, Raus, Thomas, Sonnleitner, Michaela, Tan, Kit & Lachmayer, Margarita, 2021, The type specimens in Eugen von Halácsy´s Herbarium Graecum, pp. 1-156 in Phytotaxa 493 (1)</i> on page 133, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.493.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5755400">http://zenodo.org/record/5755400</a&gt

Verbascum haussknechtii Heldr. ex Hausskn., Mitt. Geogr. Ges. (Thüringen

<i>Verbascum haussknechtii</i> Heldr. ex Hausskn., Mitt. Geogr. Ges. (Thüringen) Jena 5 (3, Bot. Ver. Gesamtthür.): 71. <p>1887b.</p> <p> Current name: <i>Verbascum haussknechtii</i></p> <p>Syntypes:—[Greece] Planities Thessaliae (Thessaliotis): in collibus herbosis prope Aϊvali (inter Pheras et Pharsalum): 15 June 1885, T. H. H. von Heldreich s.n. (WU 0072928, WU 0072929).</p>Published as part of <i>Reich, Dieter, Gutermann, Walter, Bardy, Katharina, Rainer, Heimo, Raus, Thomas, Sonnleitner, Michaela, Tan, Kit & Lachmayer, Margarita, 2021, The type specimens in Eugen von Halácsy´s Herbarium Graecum, pp. 1-156 in Phytotaxa 493 (1)</i> on pages 112-113, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.493.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5755400">http://zenodo.org/record/5755400</a&gt

Verbena officinalis fm. gracilis Heldr.

<i>Verbena officinalis</i> f. <i>gracilis</i> Heldr. <i>in herb.</i> <p>Authentic specimen:—[Greece] Planities Thessaliae (Thessaliotis): prope Karditza. in pago: 20 July 1885, T. H. H. von Heldreich s.n. (WU 0072991).</p> <p> <b> <i>Verbena officinalis</i> var. <i>macrantha</i></b> Heldr. & Hausskn. <i>in herb.</i></p> <p>Authentic specimen:—[Greece] Agrapha (Dolopia veterum): in regione inferiori m. Pindi circa monasterium Koróna, alt. 3500’–3700’: 20–28 June 1885, T. H. H. von Heldreich s.n. (WU 0072990).</p>Published as part of <i>Reich, Dieter, Gutermann, Walter, Bardy, Katharina, Rainer, Heimo, Raus, Thomas, Sonnleitner, Michaela, Tan, Kit & Lachmayer, Margarita, 2021, The type specimens in Eugen von Halácsy´s Herbarium Graecum, pp. 1-156 in Phytotaxa 493 (1)</i> on pages 138-139, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.493.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5755400">http://zenodo.org/record/5755400</a&gt

Rumex pulcher var. macrodon Hausskn., Mitth. Thuring. Bot. Vereins 1929

Rumex pulcher var. macrodon Hausskn., Mitth. Thüring. Bot. Vereins 11: 59. 1898. Current name: unclear Syntypes:—[Greece] Paenins. Methana: 25 June 1885, H. K. Haussknecht s.n. (WU 0077892).—[Greece] e sem. p. Naupliam lect. educat: June 1885, H. K. Haussknecht s.n. (WU 0077889). Snogerup and Snogerup in 1996 annotated the voucher from Methana as Rumex pulcher subsp. pulcher, and the one from Nafplio as Rumex dentatus subsp. halacsyi.Published as part of Reich, Dieter, Gutermann, Walter, Bardy, Katharina, Rainer, Heimo, Raus, Thomas, Sonnleitner, Michaela, Tan, Kit & Lachmayer, Margarita, 2021, The type specimens in Eugen von Halácsy´s Herbarium Graecum, pp. 1-156 in Phytotaxa 493 (1) on page 99, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.493.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/575540

Thliphthisa sapphus (Rubiaceae, Rubieae), a new species from Lefkada (Ionian Islands, Greece) and its ecological position

The new species, Thliphthisa sapphus sp. nov. (Rubiaceae, Rubieae), a narrow endemic of the white cliffs of Lefkátas on the southwest coast of Lefkada (Greece) is described and illustrated and an IUCN assessment is presented. Vegetation relevés were performed at the single known locality, limestone cliffs facing the sea and revealed a new association, the Thliphthisa sapphus-Lomelosietum dallaportae. The chromosome number of Thliphthisa sapphus was determined as 2n = 4x = 44, being the single tetraploid species in the genus to date. The species also differs markedly morphologically from its morphologically closest relatives, two Greek steno-endemic oreophytes, Th. baenitzii and Th. muscosa by the following characters: densely setose mericarps and corolla, tetraploidy and by its distribution. An identification key for the Greek species of Thliphthisa is provided. Th. sapphus constitutes the westernmost outpost of a group of Greek steno-endemics, highlighting the importance of coastal habitats and their protection as refugia for poorly competitive chamaephytes