Nemesia Root Hair Response to Paper Pulp Substrate for Micropropagation

Agar substrates for in vitro culture are well adapted to plant micropropagation, but not to plant rooting and acclimatization. Conversely, paper-pulp-based substrates appear as potentially well adapted for in vitro culture and functional root production. To reinforce this hypothesis, this study compares in vitro development of nemesia on several substrates. Strong differences between nemesia roots growing in agar or in paper-pulp substrates were evidenced through scanning electron microscopy. Roots developed in agar have shorter hairs, larger rhizodermal cells, and less organized root caps than those growing on paper pulp. In conclusion, it should be noted that in this study, in vitro microporous substrates such as paper pulp lead to the production of similar root hairs to those found in greenhouse peat substrates. Consequently, if agar could be used for micropropagation, rooting, and plant acclimatization, enhancement could be achieved if rooting stage was performed on micro-porous substrates such as paper pulp

Neurochemical Changes in the Mouse Hippocampus Underlying the Antidepressant Effect of Genetic Deletion of P2X7 Receptors.

Recent investigations have revealed that the genetic deletion of P2X7 receptors (P2rx7) results in an antidepressant phenotype in mice. However, the link between the deficiency of P2rx7 and changes in behavior has not yet been explored. In the present study, we studied the effect of genetic deletion of P2rx7 on neurochemical changes in the hippocampus that might underlie the antidepressant phenotype. P2X7 receptor deficient mice (P2rx7-/-) displayed decreased immobility in the tail suspension test (TST) and an attenuated anhedonia response in the sucrose preference test (SPT) following bacterial endotoxin (LPS) challenge. The attenuated anhedonia was reproduced through systemic treatments with P2rx7 antagonists. The activation of P2rx7 resulted in the concentration-dependent release of [3H]glutamate in P2rx7+/+ but not P2rx7-/- mice, and the NR2B subunit mRNA and protein was upregulated in the hippocampus of P2rx7-/- mice. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression was higher in saline but not LPS-treated P2rx7-/- mice; the P2rx7 antagonist Brilliant blue G elevated and the P2rx7 agonist benzoylbenzoyl ATP (BzATP) reduced BDNF level. This effect was dependent on the activation of NMDA and non-NMDA receptors but not on Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR1,5). An increased 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation was also observed in the dentate gyrus derived from P2rx7-/- mice. Basal level of 5-HT was increased, whereas the 5HIAA/5-HT ratio was lower in the hippocampus of P2rx7-/- mice, which accompanied the increased uptake of [3H]5-HT and an elevated number of [3H]citalopram binding sites. The LPS-induced elevation of 5-HT level was absent in P2rx7-/- mice. In conclusion there are several potential mechanisms for the antidepressant phenotype of P2rx7-/- mice, such as the absence of P2rx7-mediated glutamate release, elevated basal BDNF production, enhanced neurogenesis and increased 5-HT bioavailability in the hippocampus

Trends in SAVR with biological vs. mechanical valves in middle-aged patients: results from a French large multi-centric survey

Background/introductionCurrently, despite continued issues with durability ( 1), biological prosthetic valves are increasingly chosen over mechanical valves for surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) in adult patients of all ages, at least in Western countries. For younger patients, this choice means assuming the risks associated with a redo SAVR or valve-in-valve procedure.PurposeTo assess the use of mechanical vs. biological valve prostheses for SAVR relative to patient's age and implant time in a large population extracted from the French National Database EPICARD.MethodsPatients in EPICARD undergoing SAVR from 2007 to 2022 were included from 22 participating public or private centers chosen to represent a balanced representation of centre sizes and geographical discrepancies. Patients with associated pathology of the aorta (aneurysm or dissection) and requiring a vascular aortic prosthesis were excluded. Comparisons were made amongst centers, valve choice, implant date range, and patient age.ResultsWe considered 101,070 valvular heart disease patients and included 72,375 SAVR (mean age 71.4 ± 12.2 years). We observed a mechanical vs. biological prosthesis ratio (MBPR) of 0.14 for the overall population. Before 50 years old (y-o), MBPR was >1.3 (p < 0.001) while patients above 60 years-old received principally biological SAVR (p < 0.0001). Concerning patients between 50 and 60 years-old patients, MPVR was 1.04 (p = 0.03). Patients 50–60 years-old from the first and second study duration quartile (before August 2015) received preferentially mechanical SAVR (p < 0.001). We observed a shift towards more biological SAVR (p < 0.001) for patients from the third and fourth quartile to reach a MBPR at 0.43 during the last years of the series. Incidentally, simultaneous mitral valve replacement were more common in case of mechanical SAVR (p < 0.0001), while associated CABGs were more frequent in case of biological SAVR (p < 0.0001).ConclusionIn a large contemporary French patient population, real world practice showed a recent shift towards a lower age-threshold for biological SAVR as compared to what would suggest contemporary guidelines

Les burgarii et le cursus publicus

Labrousse Michel. Les burgarii et le cursus publicus. In: Mélanges d'archéologie et d'histoire, tome 56, 1939. pp. 151-167

I. L'eau dans la civilisation gallo-romaine

Labrousse Michel. I. L'eau dans la civilisation gallo-romaine. In: Annales du Midi : revue archéologique, historique et philologique de la France méridionale, Tome 73, N°54, 1961. pp. 219-225

Limousin et Marche : Désiré Brelingard, Histoire du Limousin et de la Marche, Paris, Presses Universitaires de France, 1950 (vol. n° 441 de la Collection « Que sais-je ? »)

Labrousse Michel. Limousin et Marche : Désiré Brelingard, Histoire du Limousin et de la Marche, Paris, Presses Universitaires de France, 1950 (vol. n° 441 de la Collection « Que sais-je ? »). In: Annales du Midi : revue archéologique, historique et philologique de la France méridionale, Tome 63, N°16, 1951. pp. 355-358

Jean Touchard, Histoire des idées politiques, avec la collaboration de Louis Bodin, Pierre Jeannin, Georges Lavau et Jean Sirinelli ; T. I : Des origines au XVIIIe siècle (« Thémis », Manuels juridiques, économiques et politiques, Collection dirigée par Maurice Duverger), 1959

Labrousse Michel. Jean Touchard, Histoire des idées politiques, avec la collaboration de Louis Bodin, Pierre Jeannin, Georges Lavau et Jean Sirinelli ; T. I : Des origines au XVIIIe siècle (« Thémis », Manuels juridiques, économiques et politiques, Collection dirigée par Maurice Duverger), 1959. In: Revue des Études Anciennes. Tome 61, 1959, n°3-4. pp. 517-521

Recherches sur l'alimentation des populations gallo-romaines : escargots, huîtres et "fruits de mer" à Montmaurin.

Labrousse Michel. Recherches sur l'alimentation des populations gallo-romaines : escargots, huîtres et "fruits de mer" à Montmaurin.. In: Pallas, 8/1959. pp. 57-84

Monnaies gauloises d'Attalus

Labrousse Michel. Monnaies gauloises d'Attalus. In: Pallas, 25/1978. pp. 97-105