Brachiaria decumbens intraspecific hybrids: characterization and selection for seed production.

Brachiaria decumbens has great importance in the national beef cattle scenario due to its high forage yield potential and high adaptability to acid soils and low fertility. In order to obtain new cultivars, intraspecific hybrids, previously selected by the Brachiaria breeding program, were evaluated in 2013 and 2014 for phenological characteristics and seed production potential through their production components, aiming to obtain cultivars with satisfactory production agronomic characteristics and forage yield, resistant to ?cigarrinhas-das-pastagens? (Tomaspia sp.) and good seed production. Estimates of phenotypic correlation and analysis of variance were performed using the SAS 9.3 software. From the results obtained in both consecutive years, it was observed that there was a correlation between the reproductive tiller number (RT) and the pure seeds (PS) weight in the seedbeds of the second year of production around 70% (p < 0.01), which can be considered as a parameter to estimate the production of pure seeds before the start of flowering.Título em português: Híbridos intraespecíficos de Brachiaria decumbens: caracterização e seleção para produção de sementes

Productivity and quality of Brachiaria brizantha B4 seeds in function of nitrogen doses.

This study aimed to evaluate aspects of reproductive phenology, yield components and seed quality of the B4 genotype of Brachiaria brizantha in function of nitrogen doses applied at pre-flowering. The experiment was carried out at Embrapa Beef Cattle, in a randomized block design, with seeding density of 2.59kg SPV ha-1 in the first year, in free growth plants. Urea was applied at pre-flowering at doses of 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150kg ha-1. The reproductive cycle of the plant lasts 225 days, with late flowering. N doses influenced the following characteristics: number of fully expanded inflorescences, percentage of dry matter, dry biomass, number of spikelets per raceme, seed yield, weight of a thousand seeds, germination, germination speed index, viability and germination at 10 months after harvest. The maximum yield of pure seed was 144.8kg ha-1 for 50kg ha-1 N, with maximum biological potential, based on components of seed yield of 456.27kg ha-1. Seeds presented high dormancy and reduced physiological quality in higher N doses.Título em português: Produtividade e qualidade de sementes de Brachiaria brizantha B4 em função de doses de nitrogênio

Aprovechamiento de los residuos de maderas por tres madereras en la ciudad de benjamín constant – am/Brasil

This paper wants to confirm If the waste of wood produced by three timbers in the city of Benjamim Constant, Amazonas, Brazil – Graça Madeireira, INCOM e Irmãos Caldas – are used for any purpose as is designated by the Amazonas Institute of Environmental Protection. All datas have been collected by research and interviews in the city. Initially it was made a survey of the species explored by the timbers, as well as the amount of waste produced during the wood processing. The three trees best producers of wood in cubic meters are Scleronema praecox (brown agouti) 31,4%, Cedrelinga catenaeformis (cedrorana) 16,5% and Cedrela odorata (cedar) 10,4%. It was notice that the timbers donate all the waste of wood to potteries, bakeries, farms and in the manufacturing of brooms. Despite the fact that the reuse of this waste in this activities doesn`t avoids the wastage, this practices contributes in minimizing the environmental impact caused by the extraction of wood.Este estudio propuso verificar si los residuos de madera producidos por tres madereras del municipio de Benjamín – Constant/AM/Brasil, Graça Maderería, INCOM y Hermanos Termas, son de alguna forma aprovechados, como es designado por el IPAAM. Los datos fueron colectados a través de entrevistas y observación in situ. Inicialmente fue realizado un levantamiento de las especies más explotadas en el Municipio, bien como el volumen de residuos generados durante el beneficio de la madera. Tres especies se destacaron como productoras de volumen en metros cúbicos por tora y como consecuencia de sus residuos: Scleronema praecox (castaña de paca) 31,4%, Cedrelinga catenaeformis (cedrorana) 16,5% y Cedrela odorata (cedro) 10,4%. Se observó que las madereras donan los residuos generados por la madera para alfarerías, panaderías, granjas, y las aprovechan en la confección de fibras de escoba. A pesar que la utilización de los residuos en esas actividades no es suficiente para evitar el exceso de residuos en las factorías mencionados, es una forma práctica de reutilización, que contribuye para auxiliar la población local y minimizar el impacto ambiental

Renal tubular dysfunction in patients with American cutaneous leishmaniasis

Renal dysfunction seen in patients with American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) has been attributed to the use of antimonials for treatment. To determine whether ACL itself causes tubular dysfunction, we measured renal function in 37 patients with ACL prior to their treatment and compared results to that in 10 healthy volunteers of similar mean age. None of the patients presented with glomerular dysfunction; however, 27 had a urinary concentrating defect. There was no statistical difference between groups in the pre- and post-desmopressin test of urine osmolality, but the post-test urine osmolality of the controls was significantly higher. Urinary AQP2 levels, determined by western blot of isolated exosomes, were found to be significantly lower in patients than in controls, whereas that of the cotransporter (NKCC2) was significantly higher. A urinary acidification defect (post-test pH greater than 5.50 following calcium chloride) was found in 15 patients. Pretest plasma bicarbonate was below normal in 12 patients as was the pretest plasma pH in 14. Expression of the Na/H exchanger (NHE3), H+-ATPase, and pendrin were all significantly higher in patients with ACL than in controls. A combined urinary concentration and acidification defect was found in 12 patients. Thus, the urinary concentrating defect of ACL may be caused by decreased AQP2, with increased NKCC2 compensatory. Pendrin upregulation may be related to the urinary acidification defect with increased NHE3 and H+-ATPase also compensatory. Hence, ACL can cause asymptomatic renal tubular dysfunction

Dessecação de genótipos de Brachiaria por glifosato.

Comissão organizadora: Grácia Maria Soares Rosinha, Alexandra Rocha de Oliveir, Rodrigo Carvalho Alva