453 research outputs found
Photon Blockade in the Ultrastrong Coupling Regime
We explore photon coincidence counting statistics in the ultrastrong-coupling
regime where the atom-cavity coupling rate becomes comparable to the cavity
resonance frequency. In this regime usual normal order correlation functions
fail to describe the output photon statistics. By expressing the electric-field
operator in the cavity-emitter dressed basis we are able to propose correlation
functions that are valid for arbitrary degrees of light-matter interaction. Our
results show that the standard photon blockade scenario is significantly
modified for ultrastrong coupling. We observe parametric processes even for
two-level emitters and temporal oscillations of intensity correlation functions
at a frequency given by the ultrastrong photon emitter coupling. These effects
can be traced back to the presence of two-photon cascade decays induced by
counter-rotating interaction terms.Comment: minor revisions, supplementary information added, accepted for
publication in PR
Networks of nonlinear superconducting transmission line resonators
We investigate a network of coupled superconducting transmission line
resonators, each of them made nonlinear with a capacitively shunted Josephson
junction coupling to the odd flux modes of the resonator. The resulting
eigenmode spectrum shows anticrossings between the plasma mode of the shunted
junction and the odd resonator modes. Notably, we find that the combined device
can inherit the complete nonlinearity of the junction, allowing for a
description as a harmonic oscillator with a Kerr nonlinearity. Using a dc SQUID
instead of a single junction, the nonlinearity can be tuned between 10 kHz and
4 MHz while maintaining resonance frequencies of a few gigahertz for realistic
device parameters. An array of such nonlinear resonators can be considered a
scalable superconducting quantum simulator for a Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian. The
device would be capable of accessing the strongly correlated regime and be
particularly well suited for investigating quantum many-body dynamics of
interacting particles under the influence of drive and dissipation.Comment: 18 pages, 3 figure
Arrays of waveguide-coupled optical cavities that interact strongly with atoms
We describe a realistic scheme for coupling atoms or other quantum emitters
with an array of coupled optical cavities. We consider open Fabry-Perot
microcavities coupled to the emitters. Our central innovation is to connect the
microcavities to waveguide resonators, which are in turn evanescently coupled
to each other on a photonic chip to form a coupled cavity chain. In this paper,
we describe the components, their technical limitations and the factors that
need to be determined experimentally. This provides the basis for a detailed
theoretical analysis of two possible experiments to realize quantum squeezing
and controlled quantum dynamics. We close with an outline of more advanced
applications.Comment: 30 pages, 8 figures. Submitted to New Journal of Physic
Thermal expansion studies on the unusual first order transition of Gd5Si2.09Ge1.91: effects of purity of Gd
Two polycrystalline samples were made by using high purity Gd and commercial Gd, respectively, but with Si and Ge starting materials of the same purity in both cases. Thermal expansion results showed that both samples exhibited a first order phase transformation, with a discontinuity in thermally-induced strain and with hysteresis in the Curie temperature.Magnetic force microscopy has been used to demonstrate the magnetic phase transformation process from paramagnetic to ferromagnetic upon cooling. It was found that the Curie temperature was lower and the thermally-induced strain higher, in the sample made from lower purity level Gd starting materials compared with the sample made from high purity Gd metal. These results indicate that the impurities (mainly C, O, N, and F) in the Gd starting material can significantly alter the strain and Curie temperature of Gd5(SixGe1−x)4alloys
Quantum Statistics and Entanglement of Two Electromagnetic Field Modes Coupled via a Mesoscopic SQUID Ring
In this paper we investigate the behaviour of a fully quantum mechanical
system consisting of a mesoscopic SQUID ring coupled to one or two
electromagnetic field modes. We show that we can use a static magnetic flux
threading the SQUID ring to control the transfer of energy, the entanglement
and the statistical properties of the fields coupled to the ring. We also
demonstrate that at, and around, certain values of static flux the effective
coupling between the components of the system is large. The position of these
regions in static flux is dependent on the energy level structure of the ring
and the relative field mode frequencies, In these regions we find that the
entanglement of states in the coupled system, and the energy transfer between
its components, is strong.Comment: 15 pages, 19 figures, Uploaded as implementing a policy of arXiving
old paper
Staggered fermions and chiral symmetry breaking in transverse lattice regulated QED
Staggered fermions are constructed for the transverse lattice regularization
scheme. The weak perturbation theory of transverse lattice non-compact QED is
developed in light-cone gauge, and we argue that for fixed lattice spacing this
theory is ultraviolet finite, order by order in perturbation theory. However,
by calculating the anomalous scaling dimension of the link fields, we find that
the interaction Hamiltonian becomes non-renormalizable for ,
where is the bare (lattice) QED coupling constant. We conjecture that
this is the critical point of the chiral symmetry breaking phase transition in
QED. Non-perturbative chiral symmetry breaking is then studied in the strong
coupling limit. The discrete remnant of chiral symmetry that remains on the
lattice is spontaneously broken, and the ground state to lowest order in the
strong coupling expansion corresponds to the classical ground state of the
two-dimensional spin one-half Heisenberg antiferromagnet.Comment: 30 pages, UFIFT-HEP-92-1
Modulation of human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) transcription during persistent and de novo HIV-1 infection
Background: The human genome contains multiple LTR elements including human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) that together account for approximately 8–9% of the genomic DNA. At least 40 different HERV groups have been assigned to three major HERV classes on the basis of their homologies to exogenous retroviruses. Although most HERVs are silenced by a variety of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, they may be reactivated by environmental stimuli such as exogenous viruses and thus may contribute to pathogenic conditions. The objective of this study was to perform an in-depth analysis of the influence of HIV-1 infection on HERV activity in different cell types. Results: A retrovirus-specific microarray that covers major HERV groups from all three classes was used to analyze HERV transcription patterns in three persistently HIV-1 infected cell lines of different cellular origins and in their uninfected counterparts. All three persistently infected cell lines showed increased transcription of multiple class I and II HERV groups. Up-regulated transcription of five HERV taxa (HERV-E, HERV-T, HERV-K (HML-10) and two ERV9 subgroups) was confirmed by quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR analysis and could be reversed by knock-down of HIV-1 expression with HIV-1-specific siRNAs. Cells infected de novo by HIV-1 showed stronger transcriptional up-regulation of the HERV-K (HML-2) group than persistently infected cells of the same origin. Analysis of transcripts from individual members of this group revealed up-regulation of predominantly two proviral loci (ERVK-7 and ERVK-15) on chromosomes 1q22 and 7q34 in persistently infected KE37.1 cells, as well as in de novo HIV-1 infected LC5 cells, while only one single HML-2 locus (ERV-K6) on chromosome 7p22.1 was activated in persistently infected LC5 cells. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that HIV-1 can alter HERV transcription patterns of infected cells and indicate a correlation between activation of HERV elements and the level of HIV-1 production. Moreover, our results suggest that the effects of HIV-1 on HERV activity may be far more extensive and complex than anticipated from initial studies with clinical material
Pneumococcal meningitis: Clinical-pathological correlations (meningene-path)
Pneumococcal meningitis is associated with substantial mortality and morbidity. We systematically assessed brain histopathology of 31 patients who died of pneumococcal meningitis from a nationwide study (median age 67 years; 21 (67 %) were male) using a pathology score including inflammation and vascular damage. Of the 27 patients with known time from the admission to death, 14 patients died within 7 days of admission and 13 after 7 days of admission. Eleven of 25 (44 %) patients had been treated with adjunctive dexamethasone therapy. Observed pathological processes were inflammation of medium-large arteries in 30 brains (97 %), cerebral haemorrhage in 24 (77 %), cerebritis in 24 (77 %), thrombosis in 21 (68 %), infarction in 19 (61 %) and ventriculitis in 19 (of 28 cases, 68 %). Inflammation of medium-large arteries led to obstruction of the vascular lumen in 14 (of 31 cases, 45 %). Vascular inflammation was associated with infarction and thrombosis of brain parenchymal vessels. Hippocampal dentate gyrus apoptosis between patients treated with and without dexamethasone was similar (p = 0.66); however, dexamethasone treated patients had higher total pathology score than non-dexamethasone treated patients (p = 0.003). Our study shows that vascular damage is key in the process of brain damage in pneumococcal meningitis. Data and material of this study will be made open-access for translational research in pneumococcal meningitis (MeninGene-Path)
Photon condensation in circuit QED by engineered dissipation
We study photon condensation phenomena in a driven and dissipative array of
superconducting microwave resonators. Specifically, we show that by using an
appropriately designed coupling of microwave photons to superconducting qubits,
an effective dissipative mechanism can be engineered, which scatters photons
towards low-momentum states while conserving their number. This mimics a
tunable coupling of bosons to a low temperature bath, and leads to the
formation of a stationary photon condensate in the presence of losses and under
continuous-driving conditions. Here we propose a realistic experimental setup
to observe this effect in two or multiple coupled cavities, and study the
characteristics of such an out-of-equilibrium condensate, which arise from the
competition between pumping and dissipation processes
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