Development of Education in Siberia in First Quarter of 18th Century

The article is devoted to the study of the schooling formation on the territory of the Siberian province in the first quarter of the 18th century. The process of origin and development of spiritual and secular education in Siberia is characterized. The study was carried out on the basis of an analysis of the decrees of Peter I published in the Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire, which regulate the organization of educational institutions in Siberia. A number of clerical sources of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts, in particular, the cases of the Siberian Order, are analyzed. Also, to study the topic, materials from the newspaper “Tobolsk Gubernskie Vedomosti” were involved. The authors of the article show that Peter’s modernization processes in the field of education were reflected in the life of the Siberian province in the first quarter of the 18th century. It is concluded that the main changes that affected the field of education are associated with the implementation of the reforms of Peter I. The role of the first theological schools in the education system of the Siberian province, the significance of the decrees of Peter I and the activities of the Orthodox Church in their formation are considered. At the same time, it is proved that the political events and cultural innovations of the Petrine era contributed to the formation of secular education and the spread of enlightenment among Siberians

Economic Development of Siberia during Reforms of Peter I: Craft and Emergence of Industry

The features of the industrial development of the Siberian region at the end of the 17th — the first quarter of the 18th centuries are studied. The analysis of legislative and clerical, statistical sources, generalization and systematization of the results of research in the field of development of the Siberian handicraft and manufacturing production of the late 17th — first quarter of the 18th centuries made it possible to identify the degree of influence of Peter I’s reforms on this process. It is concluded that in the period under review, the main form of industrial production in Siberia was small-scale handicraft production, in many sectors of which progress was observed, due both to the improvement of the technological process and to the regulatory orders of Peter I of a national and regional nature. It is noted that in the complex of transformative undertakings, Peter I paid special attention to Siberia, although in some cases the regulatory provisions of the royal decrees regarding certain types of handicraft production did not give much effect in the region, as was the case, for example, with the decrees of 1715 on the prohibition of tanning leather without the use of blubber and the manufacture of narrow linen and hemp cloths. The most significant government decrees with a regional focus on crafts related to stone building and river shipbuilding. The authors of the article show that an important result of the reform activities of Peter I was the development of large-scale manufactory and factory production in Siberia

Formation of a Pension Allowance system for Civil Servants of the Tobolsk Province of the 19th - early 20th Centuries

The article is devoted to the study of historical experience in the formation of pensions for employees of the Tobolsk province in the XIX - early XX centuries. The authors of the article associate their interest in the indicated problems with its poor knowledge, as well as the reform of pension provision in modern Russia. The source of the study was the legislative, clerical and statistical documents of the funds of the School Directorate, City Council, Tobolsk Provincial Board, Tobolsk State Chamber, Tobolsk Gymnasium, Tobolsk State Bank, Tobolsk Post and Telegraph Office, Tobolsk Notary Archive and others. The most significant of these are the lists of pensioners living in the Tobolsk province, the Tobolsk Treasury Chamber statements on pensioners, documents that fix the number and size of pensions issued and not issued, and cases regarding the assignment of pensions. The authors of the article note the absence in the period under review of a single pension provision practice for all social categories of the population. The author analyzes pension payments accrued to officials from the treasury, and funded payments from public emmeritial cash desks. It is concluded that the formation of the pension provision of civil servants can be attributed to the end of the first quarter of the XIX century. The circle of persons entitled to receive a pension is designated, the sources of pension financing are identified. It was concluded that for the provision of pensions to officials of the period under review, the dependence of the pension salary on the size of the annual salary, the rank and length of service of the civil service was characteristic

Image of Peter I in Newspaper Materials of “Tobolsk Gubernskiye Vedomosti” (1857—1909)

The issue of reconstructing the image of Peter I on the pages of “Tobolsk Gubernskiye Vedomosti” is considered. The newspaper materials selected for the study reflect public opinion about the personality and transformations of Peter I and at the same time represent the source of Peter I image formation in the mass consciousness of the “Tobolsk Gubernskiye Vedomosti” readers. The purpose of the research is to study examples of the construction of the image of Peter I on the pages of the newspaper “Tobolsk Gubernskie Vedomosti”. Literary and comparative-historical approaches to the study of this problem are used. The analysis of the texts of newspaper materials published from 1857 to 1909 is carried out, and cases of mentioning the name of Peter the Great in the context of the events of all-Russian and local history are described.  The authors concluded that the newspaper participated in the preservation and consolidation of the name of the tsar and the events of his reign in the historical memory of Siberians. Examples of the formation of the image of an ideal ruler through various news reports of the newspaper “Tobolsk Gubernskiye Vedomosti” is considered in the study. It is proved that the newspaper supported the myth of Peter I as an idol, an enlightened autocrat, under whose reign Russia achieved prosperity and power. The publications of various genres reflect a positive attitude towards the tsar, as this corresponded to the policy of the official printed organ — the strengthening of monarchical ideals in the mass conscious-ness

Seasons dynamics of biochemical parameters of blood of cows during the dry period

The study of the metabolism in the body of cows, depending on the physiological state, factors of feeding and the conditions of content in different seasons of the year, is a necessary condition for the direct effect on their reproductive capacity and productivity. In particular, the scientific and practical interest is the disclosure of physiological and biochemical mechanisms, which are associated with the characteristics of metabolism in the body of cows during pregnancy. The purpose of the research was to study the features of protein metabolism in highly productive deep-calving cows in different seasons of the year. The object for the study is served cows with milk production of 5–6 thousand kg for lactation at 8–9 months of pregnancy and blood samples taken from them. Biochemical study of cows blood plasma was carried out according to generally accepted methods. The recorded seasonal changes in protein exchange of deep-calving cows (Table) were cyclic. In contrast to the total protein content, seasonal differences in its fractional composition were also detected. The dynamics of the change in protein ratio is similar to that of albumin. During the summer, the content of a-globulins increased by 20.1 %, b-globulins by 17.3 %, g-globulins per 20.5 % compared with the spring period. In dry-bodied cows, the activity of ALT and AST in winter increases, reaching its maximum value but in the summer activity of ALT significantly decreased, and its activity was even less than the physiological limits. ACT activity was the lowest in the autumn. Determined that seasonal changes in the protein metabolism of dry cows were cyclic character. A decrease in the content of globulins (due to a-, b- and g-globulins) was observed during the winter period compared to the summer period. This characterizes the high activity of protein metabolism in the summer with the decline in winter. In dry cows, the albumin content and protein ratio reached a maximum in winter with a significant decrease in spring and summer, and in the autumn they again started to rise. The degree and direction of changes in ALT and AST activity were similar to seasonal changes in albumin content. This indicates a low intensity of protein-synthesizing processes in the liver in summer

Investigation of Prince M. P. Gagarin’s Case in Context of Development of State Control System in First Quarter of 18th Century

The article investigates the activities of Prince Matvey Petrovich Gagarin as the first governor of Siberia. The materials of his investigation case are examined in the context of the development of the state control system over the actions of government authorities during the reign of Peter I. The process of creating legislation and special controlling and judicial bodies aimed at regulating the limits of powers of civil servants, identifying and preventing their violations, is characterized. The study is based on the analysis of legislative sources regulating the organization of new administrative-territorial divisions. A number of documentary sources from the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts are analyzed, including cases from the Siberian Office, orders from Governor M. P. Gagarin, reports from commanders of Siberian cities, petitions from various individuals, and other materials. It is shown that the organization of investigative measures and the criminal case process against Prince M. P. Gagarin were under the personal control of Peter I. The conclusion is drawn that Prince M. P. Gagarin was an active participant in many reforms initiated by the reformist tsar. At the same time, it is demonstrated that Prince Gagarin’s biography is a vivid example of the collision between the widespread practice of enrichment by aristocratic clans and Peter I’s principles and views on the essence and place of official service in his “regular” police state

Problems of Sects Classification and Typology (on Materials of Tobolsk Governorate of the Second Half of XIX - Early XX Century)

The article is devoted to the typology of religious sectarianism, which spread in the territory of the Tobolsk governorate in the second half of XIX - early XX century. Material is the complex of management and statistical sources, that are stored by the State archive in Tobolsk. It is demonstrated that the documents show a steady growth the followers of the sects of Skoptsy , Khlysty , Doukhobory , Shtundists, nemolyaki , subbotniki , Baptists, Adventists, Molokans, Mennonites in the governorate during the considered chronological period. The authors point to the lack of a common terminology in the sources, to many self-designations in the followers of sects, note the difficulty of accounting the sectarians for the local Church and the administrative-police apparatus of control. The need to study these aspects at the present stage is emphasized. The definitions of sectarianism are given. Its distinctive features and characteristics are presented. The comparative-critical analysis (in terms of chosen territorial and chronological boundaries) of classifications of sectarianism available in science, contained in the works of Russian pre-revolutionary, Soviet and modern researchers, is made. For further study of the history of sectarianism, the authors took as a basis the idea of dividing the sects in the rationalistic and the mystical. The appeal to the historical periodization of the development of sectarianism allowed to justify the religious nature of the sects operating in the territory of the Tobolsk governorate

Educational game systems in artificial intelligence course

Article actuality based on fact that existing knowledge system aimed at future professional life of students: a skillful use game activity in educational process will teach students to look for alternative ways solving of real problems. The purpose of article lies in theoretical substantiation, development and testing of criteria, which must be met by special-purpose software oriented on gamification of educational process. A leading research method of the described problem is a method of simulation that allows to consider gamification as concentration and organized process for increasing the factor of student engagement in cognitive activity. This article aimed to demonstrate models of ideal educational game programs with optimum number of gamification elements, also article focused on development of such software, which will be not entertaining, but educational in nature. The article may be useful for researchers dealing with gamification issues and software developers, which works relate with educational programs. © 2016 Chubarkova et al

Противоопухолевая эффективность контактной лучевой терапии в комбинации с фотосенсибилизатором хлоринового ряда в эксперименте

Authors have studied the antitumor efficacy of contact radiation therapy (CRT) in combination with a chlorin-based photosensitizer (PS) in an experiment on laboratory animals with transplanted tumors. The experimental study was performed in 50 white outbred rats weighing 250±50 g. Subcutaneously transplanted Pliss lymphosarcoma (PLS) and alveolar liver cancer RS1 (RS1) were used as tumor models. Chlorinbased PS photolon (RUE «Belmedpreparaty», Republic Belarus) was injected intravenously at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg. The radiation sessions were carried out 2.5–4 hours (depending on the tumor model) after the administration of the PS using the device «microSelectron HDR V3 Digital» («Nucletron», Netherlands) with a 192-Ir radiation source in single focal doses 5 and 10 Gy. All laboratory animals (for PLS and RS1) were subdivided into 5 groups of 5 animals each: intact control, CRT 5 Gy, CRT 10 Gy, PS + CRT 5 Gy, PS + CRT 10 Gy. For the PLS tumor model – on the 14th day from the beginning of the experiment Vav. in groups were 26.31±5.81; 22.45±6.97; 18.99±4.86; 10.75±5.18 and 28.06±2.85 cm3, respectively (p˂0.05). The coefficients of tumor growth inhibition in the experimental groups were 14.67%, 27.82%, 59.14% and 6.65%, respectively. The frequency of complete tumor regressions 60 days after the start of the experiment was 0%, 20%, 20%, 60%, and 20%, respectively. On RS1 tumor model – on the 14th day from the beginning of the experiment Vav. in groups were 4.48±1.03; 0.80±0.21; 0.29±0.09; 0.19±0.07 and 0.32±0.08 cm3, respectively (p=0.009). The coefficients of tumor growth inhibition in the experimental groups were 82.14%, 93.53%, 95.76% and 92.86%, respectively. The frequency of complete tumor regressions 60 days after the start of the experiment was 0%, 0%, 20%, 0%, and 0%, respectively. Systemic administration of chlorin-based PS before the CRT session increases the antitumor efficacy of radiation therapy in animals with transplantable tumors of different histological structure and growth patterns. The data obtained indicate that further studies of the radiosensitizing properties of PS are promising.Авторами изучена противоопухолевая эффективность контактной лучевой терапии (КЛТ) в комбинации с фотосенсибилизатором (ФС) хлоринового ряда в эксперименте на лабораторных животных с перевивными опухолями. Работа выполнена на 50 лабораторных животных (белые беспородные крысы) с массой тела 250±50 г. В качестве опухолевых моделей использовали лимфосаркому Плисса (ЛСП) и альвеолярный рак печени РС (РС1), перевитые подкожно. ФС хлоринового ряда фотолон (РУП «Белмедпрепараты», Беларусь) вводился внутривенно капельно в дозе 2,5 мг/кг массы тела. Сеанс КЛТ проводили через 2,5 – 4 ч (в зависимости от опухолевой модели) после введения ФС с использованием аппарата «microSelectron HDR V3 Digital» («Nucletron», Нидерланды) с источником излучения 192–Ir в разовых очаговых дозах (РОД) 5 и 10 Гр. Все лабораторные животные, как в подгруппе с ЛСП, так и в подгруппе с РС1, были разделены на 5 групп по 5 особей в каждой: интактный контроль, КЛТ РОД 5 Гр, КЛТ РОД 10 Гр, ФС + КЛТ РОД 5Гр, ФС + КЛТ РОД 10 Гр. На модели ЛСП на 14–е сутки от начала воздействий средний объем опухоли (Vср ) в группах составил 26,31±5,81; 22,45±6,97; 18,99±4,86; 10,75±5,18 и 28,06±2,85 см3, соответственно (р˂0,05). Коэффициент торможения роста опухоли (ТРО) в опытных группах составил 14,67%; 27,82%; 59,14% и - 6,65%, соответственно. Частота полных регрессий опухолей через 60 суток после начала эксперимента составила 0%, 20%, 20%, 60% и 20%, соответственно. На модели РС1 на 14–е сутки от начала воздействий Vср . в группах составил 4,48±1,03; 0,80±0,21; 0,29±0,09; 0,19±0,07 и 0,32±0,08 см3, соответственно (р=0,009). Коэффициент ТРО в опытных группах составил 82,14%; 93,53%; 95,76% и 92,86%, соответственно. Частота полных регрессий опухолей через 60 суток после начала эксперимента составила 0%, 0%, 20%, 0% и 0%, соответственно. Результаты исследования показали, что введение ФС хлоринового ряда перед сеансом КЛТ увеличивает противоопухолевую эффективность лучевой терапии у животных с различными по гистологической структуре и характеру роста перевивными опухолями. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о перспективности дальнейших исследований радиосенсибилизирующих свойств ФС

Новый исходный материал для создания перспективных сортов дыни

Relevance. The creation of varieties with a complex of economically valuable traits, resistant to biotic and abiotic environmental factors, is the main direction in melon breeding. The market for vegetables and melons and gourds is very dynamic, the demands for varieties are constantly changing, therefore, it is necessary to introduce new varieties with high taste and commercial qualities, as well as capable of producing high yields in a changing climate. The aim of the work is to produce a new melon starting material for use in the breeding process.Materials and methods. At the Bikovskaya cucurbits breeding experimental station – branch of the Federal state budgetary scientific institution "Federal scientific vegetable center", research was carried out from 2018 to 2020. The object of research is samples from the collection of VIR, foreign and domestic selection, hybrid combinations obtained as a result of intervarietal hybridization. Collection samples of melon were studied in the nursery of the source material: 84 samples from the VIR collection, 26 samples of domestic and foreign selection were studied.Results. As a result of the research, samples of melon with economically valuable traits were identified that meet the requirements of selection. Paired crosses with zoned varieties of local selection were carried out with them. As a result of hybridization, hybrid combinations F1 were obtained, from which the best ones were selected for further breeding work. The obtained collection samples and hybrid combinations were evaluated in terms of taste, yield, resistance to environmental abiofactors, dry matter content, large-fruited, attractive color of the fruit and pulp As a result received a new source material for the selection of new varieties and hybrids of melons with valuable economic traits. The resulting hybrid combinations of F1 melon were tested against an infectious background. Hybrid combinations with the best performance will be further studied in a breeding nursery.Актуальность. Создание сортов, обладающих комплексом хозяйственно ценных признаков, устойчивых к биотическим и абиотическим факторам среды, является главным направлением в селекционной работе по дыне. Рынок овощной и бахчевой продукции очень динамичен, запросы на сорта постоянно меняются, поэтому требуется внедрение новых сортов, обладающих высокими вкусовыми и товарными качествами, а также способных давать высокие урожаи в условиях изменяющегося климата. Цель работы – создать новый исходный материал дыни, обладающий параметрами, необходимыми селекционеру согласно разработанной модели сорта.Материалы и методы. Объект исследования – образцы из коллекции ВИР, зарубежной и отечественной селекции, гибридные комбинации, полученные в результате межсортовой гибридизации. Исследования проводили на Быковской селекционной опытной станции – филиале ФГБНУ ФНЦО в 2018-2020 годах. В питомнике исходного материала изучали коллекционные образцы дыни: 84 образца из коллекции ВИР, 26 образцов отечественной и иностранной селекции. Оценивали полученные коллекционные образцы и гибридные комбинации по вкусовым качествам, содержанию сухого вещества, урожайности, устойчивости к абиофакторам среды, крупноплодности, привлекательной окраске плода и мякоти.Результаты. Выделены образцы дыни с хозяйственно ценными признаками, которые отвечают требованиям селекции. Провели парные скрещивания с районированными сортами местной селекции. В результате гибридизации получены гибридные комбинации F1, из которых отобраны лучшие для дальнейшей селекционной работы. В итоге исследований получен новый исходный материал для селекции новых сортов и гибридов дыни с ценными хозяйственными признаками. Полученные гибридные комбинации F1 дыни были испытаны на инфекционном фоне. Гибридные комбинации с лучшими показателями в дальнейшем будут изучены в селекционном питомнике