An environmental assessment of the John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park and the Key Largo Coral Reef Marine Sanctuary (Unpublished 1983 Report)

The Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park was established in 1960 and the Key Largo National Marine Sanctuary in 1975. Field studies, funded by NOAA, were conducted in 1980 - 1981 to determine the state of the coral reefs and surrounding areas in relation to changing environmental conditions and resource management that had occurred over the intervening years. Ten reef sites within the Sanctuary and seven shallow grass and hardbottom sites within the Park were chosen for qualitative and quantitative studies. At each site, three parallel transects not less than 400 m long were run perpendicular to the reef or shore, each 300 m apart. Observations, data collecting and sampling were done by two teams of divers. Approximately 75 percent of the bottom within the 18-m isobath was covered by marine grasses, predominantly turtle grass. The general health of the seagrasses appeared good but a few areas showed signs of stress. The inner hardbottom of the Park was studied at the two entrances to Largo Sound. Though at the time of the study the North Channel hardbottom was subjected to only moderate boat traffic, marked changes had taken place over the past years, the most obvious of which was the loss of the extensive beds of Sargassum weed, one of the most extensive beds of this alga in the Keys. Only at this site was the green alga Enteromorpha encountered. This alga, often considered a pollution indicator, may denote the effects of shore run off. The hardbottom at South Channel and the surrounding grass beds showed signs of stress. This area bears the heaviest boat traffic within the Park waters causing continuous turbidity from boat wakes with resulting siltation. The offshore hardbottom and rubble areas in the Sanctuary appeared to be in good health and showed no visible indications of deterioration. Damage by boat groundings and anchors was negligible in the areas surveyed. The outer reefs in general appear to be healthy. Corals have a surprising resiliency to detrimental factors and, when conditions again become favorable, recover quickly from even severe damage. It is, therefore, a cause for concern that Grecian Rocks, which sits somewhat inshore of the outer reef line, has yet to recover from die-off in 1978. The slow recovery, if occurring, may be due to the lower quality of the inshore waters. The patch reefs, more adapted to inshore waters, do not show obvious stress signs, at least those surveyed in this study. It is apparent that water quality was changing in the keys. Water clarity over much of the reef tract was observed to be much reduced from former years and undoubtedly plays an important part in the stresses seen today over the Sanctuary and Park. (PDF contains 119 pages

Faktor-faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Pemanfaatan Pelayanan Kesehatan pada Masyarakat Desa Tanailandu di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kanapa-napa Kecamatan Mawasangka Kabupaten Buton Tengah Tahun 2015

Kesehatan merupakan elemen penting dalam kehidupan yang sangat dibutuhkan oleh manusia. Pemanfaatanpelayanan kesehatan pada masyarakat Desa Tanailandu di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kanapa-Napa masih tergolongkurang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemanfaatan pelayanankesehatan pada masyarakat Desa Tanailandu di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kanapa-Napa Kecamatan MawasangkaKabupaten Buton Tengah Tahun 2015. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatansurvei dan desain penelitian Cross sectional study. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah semua warga masyarakatyang berada di Desa Tanailandu 864 jiwa, sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah Kepala Keluarga masyarakat DesaTanailandu sebanyak 69 responden. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan simple random sampling. Analisisdata menggunakan analisis univariat dan analisis bivariat dangan taraf kepercayaan 95% (α=0,05) denganmenggunakan uji Chi Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara keyakinanterhadap pelayanan kesehatan (p=0.233) dengan pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan serta ada hubungan yangsignifikan antara akses (p=0,009), kepemilikan asuransi kesehatan (p=0,002) dengan pemanfaatan pelayanankesehatan

Formulasi Tablet Hisap Ekstrak Kulit Buah Manggis (Garcinia Mangostana L.) Sebagai Antioksidan Dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Gelatin Sebagai Bahan Pengikat

Peel of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) contains xanthones especially α-mangostin which have antioxidant activity. The aim on this study was to determine the physical of lozenges extract from mangosteen peel with variation concentration of gelatin 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10%, also to determine the effect formulations of powder into lozenges made with wet granulation method to the percentage reduction of the free radical. The ability of neutralizing free radicals were tested by treating the extract in DPPH with ratio of 3:1. Results showed the tablet hardness were 10.75 kg, 11.13 kg, 11.94 kg, 12.14 kg and 12.35 kg. The friability were 0.84%, 0.73%, 0.71%, 0.60% and 0.50%. Time soluble of the tablet were 7.05 minutes, 9.44 minutes, 9.57 minutes, 11.51 minutes and 13.62 minutes, respectively. Data was analyzed by oneway ANOVA with 95% confidence level. The results showed that all formulas gave better physical properties on granules and tablets produced. Higher concentration of gelatin decreased friability, increased hardness and time-soluble of lozenges. Formula 5 showed the best physical tablet. Percentage reduction of free radicals of extract with DPPH decreased 70.72% after formulated into lozenges

The relationship of aging, complete tooth loss, and having a dental visit in the last 12 months

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the extent to which dental health care visits in the past year differed among older adults with and without edentulism. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study using the 2017 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey among participants aged \u3e /=50 years (n = 10,480, weighted = 112,116,641). Two self-reported outcome variables were used: loss of all teeth from upper and lower jaws (yes/no) and dental visit in the last 12 months (yes/no). Logistic models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: Overall, 11.4% of the non-institutionalized U.S. population aged \u3e /=50 years were edentulous; the prevalence was higher in those with advanced age. Adherence to annual oral health visits was 16% among those with edentulism, 52% among those without. The prevalence of dental care visits in the past year was higher among those with advanced age without edentulism, but for those with edentulism, the odds of visiting a dental care provider was lower in all age groups compared to those 50-59 years ((60-69 years): aOR: 0.58, CI:0.36-0.95; (70-79 years): aOR: 0.51, CI: 0.30-0.88; ( \u3e /= 80 years): aOR: 0.45, CI: 0.26-0.80)). CONCLUSION: Although the prevalence of edentulism was higher in those with advanced age, oral health visits during the last 12 months were less frequent in older adults with edentulism. Interventions to improve adherence to dental care recommendations in the growing aging population are warranted

English language proficiency, complete tooth loss, and recent dental visits among older adults in the United States

Objectives: This study sought to provide population-based estimates of complete tooth loss and recent dental visits among older adults in the United States by English language proficiency. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the 2017 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey among participants 50 years of age (n = 10,452, weighted to represent 111,895,290 persons). Five categories of language proficiency were created based on self-reported English language ability and language spoken at home (Spanish, Other). Results: The prevalence of complete tooth loss was higher among those with limited English proficiency (Spanish speaking: 13.7%; Other languages: 16.9%) than those proficient in English (Spanish speaking: 5.0%; Other languages: 6.0%, English only: 12.0%). Complete tooth loss was less common among participants for whom Spanish was their primary language, with limited English proficiency relative to English only (adjusted odds ratio: 0.56; 95% confidence interval: 0.42-0.76). Among those without complete tooth loss, dental visits in the past year were less common among participants with primary language other than English as compared to those who only speak English. Conclusions: Complete tooth loss varied by English language proficiency among adults aged 50 years in the United States. Suboptimal adherence to annual dental visits was common, more so in those with complete tooth loss, and varied by English language proficiency

Faktor Pengaruh Gadget terhadap Kecerdasan Motorik Siswa SD melalui Regresi Logistik Ordinal

Gadget is an electronic device that has a specific function and widely used by all people, without exception for kid. Use of gadgets positively has helpful children for homework and as entertaiment. However, without realizing that overusing gadgets have a negative effect.Therefore, the research will be conducted to determine the factors affecting of using gadgets early on the development of motoric intelligence elementary students using ordinal logistic regression. Source of data used are primary data obtained from the survey, the sampling unit are all mothers who have children in grade 1 SDN Klampis Ngasem I Surabaya. The response variable (Y) is the level of intelligence of the child's motor development (1 = poor, 2 = fair, 3 = good). The results of the analysis, can be concluded that the factors that influence the development of motor 120 students of SDN Klampis Ngasem I Surabaya is long child recognize and use of gadgets every day

The Role of Limited English Proficiency and Access to Health Insurance and Health Care in the Affordable Care Act Era

Purpose: Limited English proficiency adversely impacts people\u27s ability to access health services. This study examines the association between English language proficiency and insurance access and use of a usual care provider after the implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Methods: Using cross-sectional data from the 2016 Medical Panel Expenditures Survey, we identified 24,099 adults (weighted n=240,035,048) and categorized them by self-reported English-language proficiency. We classified participants according to responses to: How well do you speak English? Would you say... Very well; well; Not well; Not at all? (having limited English proficiency: not well; not at all, English proficient: well; very well; and English only: not applicable) and What language do you speak at home? Would you say... English, Spanish, Other. Using these two recoded variables, we created a variable with five categories: (1) Spanish speaking, with limited English proficiency, (2) other language speaking, with limited English proficiency, (3) Spanish speaking, English proficient, (4) other language speaking, English proficient, and (5) English only. Health insurance and usual care provider were determined by self-report. Results: Among those \u3c 65 years, the percent covered by public insurance (Spanish: 21%, Other languages: 28%, English only 14%), who were uninsured (Spanish: 46%, Other languages: 17%, English only: 8%), and who lacked a usual care provider (Spanish: 45%, Other languages: 35%, English only: 26%) differed by English language proficiency. Among those \u3e /=65 years, fewer people with limited English proficiency relative to English only were dually covered by Medicare and private insurance (Spanish: 12%, Other languages: 15%, English only: 59%), and a higher percent lacked a usual care provider (Spanish: 15%, Other languages: 11%, English only: 7%). Differences persisted with adjustment for covariates. Conclusion: Post the ACA, persons with limited English proficiency remain at a risk of being uninsured relative to those who only speak English

Abnormal scaffold attachment factor 1 expression and localisation in spinocerebellar ataxias and huntington’s chorea

SAFB1 is a DNA and RNA binding protein that is highly expressed in the cerebellum and hippocampus and is involved in the processing of coding and non‐coding RNAs, splicing and dendritic function. We analyzed SAFB1 expression in the post‐mortem brain tissue of spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA), Huntington’s disease (HD), Multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson’s disease patients and controls. In SCA cases, the expression of SAFB1 in the nucleus was increased and there was abnormal and extensive expression in the cytoplasm where it co‐localized with the markers of Purkinje cell injury. Significantly, no SAFB1 expression was found in the cerebellar neurons of the dentate nucleus in control or MS patients; however, in SCA patients, SAFB1 expression was increased significantly in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of dentate neurons. In HD, we found that SAFB1 expression was increased in the nucleus and cytoplasm of striatal neurons; however, there was no SAFB1 staining in the striatal neurons of controls. In PD substantia nigra, we did not see any changes in neuronal SAFB1 expression. iCLIP analysis found that SAFB1 crosslink sites within ATXN1 RNA were adjacent to the start and within the glutamine repeat sequence. Further investigation found increased binding of SAFB1 to pathogenic ATXN1‐85Q mRNA. These novel data strongly suggest SAFB1 contributes to the etiology of SCA and Huntington’s chorea and that it may be a pathological marker of polyglutamine repeat expansion diseases

Application of Optimal Control of Infectious Diseases in a Model-Free Scenario

Optimal control for infectious diseases has received increasing attention over the past few decades. In general, a combination of cost state variables and control effort have been applied as cost indices. Many important results have been reported. Nevertheless, it seems that the interpretation of the optimal control law for an epidemic system has received less attention. In this paper, we have applied Pontryagin’s maximum principle to develop an optimal control law to minimize the number of infected individuals and the vaccination rate. We have adopted the compartmental model SIR to test our technique. We have shown that the proposed control law can give some insights to develop a control strategy in a model-free scenario. Numerical examples show a reduction of 50% in the number of infected individuals when compared with constant vaccination. There is not always a prior knowledge of the number of susceptible, infected, and recovered individuals required to formulate and solve the optimal control problem. In a model-free scenario, a strategy based on the analytic function is proposed, where prior knowledge of the scenario is not necessary. This insight can also be useful after the development of a vaccine to COVID-19, since it shows that a fast and general cover of vaccine worldwide can minimize the number of infected, and consequently the number of deaths. The considered approach is capable of eradicating the disease faster than a constant vaccination control method