Lagache2012

Lagache201

Effect of mother tree identity on insect herbivores in monocultures.

<p>(A) Effect of mother tree identity on damage (% leaf area removed) due to ectophagous herbivores. (B) Effect of mother tree identity on the abundance of endophagous insect herbivores. Semi transparent coloured circles represent individual saplings. Darkest circles represent overlapping datapoints. Solid black circled dots indicate the mean values in monocultures for all saplings and all blocks. Same letter above two lines of dots indicates that the corresponding means were not significantly different (LMM and GLMM on monoculture plots).</p

Non-additive effect of genetic diversity insect herbivores.

<p>(A) Test of the non-additive effect of genetic diversity on ectophagous insects. (B) Test of the non-additive effect of genetic diversity on endophagous insects. Semi transparent circles represent individual values per plot for net genetic diversity effect (NGDE, blue), complementarity effect (CE, red) and selection effect (SE, green). Solid black circled dots are the averaged values for all plots (grand mean) and each level of genetic diversity (GD). The ‘*’ symbol are for means value significantly different from zero.</p

Summary of <i>t</i> values from <i>t</i>-tests for net genetic diversity effect (NGDE), complementarity effect (CE) and selection effect (SE) on damage of ectophagous and abundance of endophagous (leaf-miners) insects, and on sapling height, for all mixtures (grand mean) and for each level of genetic diversity (GD).

<p>Significant t-values are in bold: (***) P-value <0.001, (**) 0.001< P-value <0.01, (*) 0.01< P-value <0.05.</p

Summary of the results of linear mixed models assessing the effect of sapling height (H), mother tree identity (MT), genetic diversity (GD) and genetic relatedness (GR) between oak saplings and their interactions on herbivory by ectophagous insects and on abundance of endophagous insects (leaf-miners).

<p>Results are given from LMM and Poisson GLMM for ectophagous and endophagous herbivores respectively.</p>a<p><i>df</i> degrees of freedom (numerator, denominator).</p>b<p>Log-likelihood R² were not estimated in case of significant H × GR and H × GD interactions.</p

Species boundaries based on interfertility (<b>A</b>)<b>, relatedness </b>(<b>B</b>)<b>, genotypic similarity </b>(<b>C</b>) <b>and morphological similarity </b>(<b>D</b>) <b>criteria, represented on the map of the stand.</b>

<p>In A, B and C, individuals classified into the B1, P1 or G1 species, respectively, are represented by yellow triangles. Individuals classified into the B2, P2 or G2 species are represented by green diamonds. Intermediate individuals are represented by black crosses. In D, individuals classified into M1 are shown in red, individuals classified into M2 in blue and morphologically intermediate individuals are indicated by black crosses. Individuals of the M1 group are assigned to <i>Q. robur</i> and individuals of the M2 group to <i>Q. petraea</i> on the basis of current taxonomical practices.</p

Graphical representation of (A) the mating network and (B) the relatedness network, using the software PAJECK with the following parameters: Draw/Layout/Energy/Kamada-Kawaï/Separate Components.

<p>Individuals classified into the B1 group (in A) or the P1 group (in B) are shown in green, individuals belonging to the B2 group (in A) or the P2 group (in B) are shown in yellow, and intermediate individuals are shown in black.</p

Complete genotypes (826 samples and 262SNPs - Genalex format)

Complete genotypes (826 samples and 262SNPs - Genalex format

Example of mating networks with species boundaries.

<p>Each node of the network, represented by a black star or a white circle, is an individual. Each link of the network, represented by a thin black line, corresponds to a mating event between two individuals. In A, there is no mating event between the two groups of individuals whereas in B, a few mating events occur between groups. Species boundaries according to a strict application of the biological species concept are indicated by a continuous thick black line. Species boundaries according to a relaxed interpretation of the biological species concept, allowing interspecific hybridization, are indicated by a broken red line. In network theory, the continuous black line delimits the connected components of the network whereas the broken red line delimits communities.</p