Üç Tritikale Çeşidinde Verim ve Verim Komponentleri İçin Kuraklığa Dayanım İndekslerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Drought is a wide-spread problem seriously influencing cereal production and quality. The development of triticale cultivars which are tolerant to drought is an objective in many breeding programmes, but so far success has been limited. This study was carried to examine differences in yield and yield components and kernel features among triticale cultivars (Tatlicak 97, Karma 2000 and MIKHAM 2002) under drought stress. Three triticale cultivars with different yield performance were grown in separate experiments under the rain fed and irrigated conditions at Eskisehir, Turkey, in 2006-2007 growing season. In the study, susceptibility index (SSI), stress tolerance index (STI), tolerance (TOL), yield index (YI), yield stability index (YSI), mean productivity (MP) and geometric mean productivity (GMP) were calculated. The best yielding cultivar under the drought stress, hence having a low susceptibility index, was Karma 2000. This cultivar may be utilized for improvement of drought resistance in triticale breeding programmes.Kuraklık, tahıl üretimi ve kalitesini ciddi şekilde etkileyen yaygın bir problemdir. Kuraklığa toleranslı tritikale çeşitlerinin geliştirilmesi pek çok ıslah programının amacıdır fakat bugüne kadarki başarı sınırlı kalmıştır. Bu çalışma, kuraklık stresi altında verim, verim ögeleri ve tane özellikleri bakımından tritikale çeşitleri (Tatlicak 97, Karma 2000 and MIKHAM 2002) arasındaki farklılıkları incelemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Verim performansları farklı üç tritikale çeşidi 2006–2007 üretim sezonunda, Eskişehir, Türkiye’de sulu ve kuru koşullar altında farklı denemelerde yetiştirilmiştir. Çalışmada, stres duyarlılık indeksi (SSI), stres tolerans indeksi (STI), tolerans (TOL), verim indeksi (YI), verim stabilite indeksi (YSI), ortalama verimlilik (MP) ve geometrik ortalama verimlilik (GMP) indeksleri hesaplanmıştır. Kuraklık stresi altında en iyi verime sahip olan çeşit, en düşük duyarlılık indeksine sahip olmasına karşılık Karma 2000’dir. Bu çeşit, tritikalede kuraklığa dayanımı geliştirmek için ıslah programlarında kullanılabilir

Morpho-agronomic characters of oat growing with humic acid and zinc application in different sowing times

The objectives of the study were to determine the effects of humic acid (HA) and zinc (Zn) applications on winter tolerance and yield performance of oat (cv. Albatros) planted in winter and spring sowing times (ST). We conducted the study in the 2017/2018 growing season. The experimental layout was split-split plots with three replications. Sowing times (winter and spring) comprised of the main plots. Humic acid application (with HA and without HA) was in the sub-plots, and Zn application rates (0, 23 and 46 kg ha-1) were in the sub-sub-plots. Chlorophyll content of plants was measured at the heading stage, while plant height, panicle height, panicle weight, number of grain per panicle, weight of grains per panicle, harvest index and grain yield were determined at the harvest. The effects of HA and Zn applications in both ST increased the chlorophyll content, yield and yield components. The results showed that cold tolerance of oat plants can be increased by the application of HA and 46 kg ZnSO4.7H2O ha -1. Overall performance of winter season was better than spring; thus, oat can be cultivated in winter under warm winter climate conditions. In addition, the HA and Zn applications can be used for other cold sensitive plant species to increase the cold tolerance which is a prevalent environmental stress affecting productivity of crops

EVALUATION OF RECIPROCAL CROSS POPULATIONS FOR SPIKE-RELATED TRAITS IN EARLY CONSECUTIVE GENERATIONS OF BREAD WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)

Breeding effort on increasing grain yield of wheat will incessantly continue because it is indispensable product. Obtaining the genetic information such as genotypic variation, heritability, genetic advance is the fundamental components of these studies. It is important that the maternal effects are put forward throughout successive generations because of genotypic and/or environmental effects as far as variation. This research was conducted to investigate changes of reciprocal crosses throughout successive generations and determine selection criteria for high yield in early generations. For this purpose, the populations were analyzed with regard to genotypic and phenotypic variation coefficient, heritability, genetic advance and Unweighted Pair Group Method (UPGMA) cluster analysis for real crosses, reciprocals and all genotypes separately. According to the results, heritability and genetic advance values of traits investigated were highly varied throughout successive generations among real crosses, reciprocals and all genotypes. This finding indicated that non-additive gen effects or epitasis played a role in inheritance of all traits. Dissimilarity of crosses than their reciprocals indicated variation of successive generation. Dissimilarity value of each parent differed as generation progresses according to combination created. This condition suggested that there were maternal effects in this population throughout successive generations. Grain weight per spike, spike harvest index and spike density had high direct and indirect effects on the grain yield at all of three generations, it proved that these traits can be a selection criterion for early generations. Sana was the best parent and 'Bezostaja x Krasunia' and 'Krasunia x Pehlivan' were best performance in most of traits at all generations

Classifying Wheat Genotypes using Machine Learning Models for Single Kernel Characterization System Measurements

985-991The properties related to market value, milling, classification, storage, and transportation of bread wheat are determined by using some important physical quality characteristics such as weight, shape, dimensions, and hardness of wheat kernels. It is possible to measure all these features using single kernel characterization system (SKCS). Classification of wheat genotypes using computer-based algorithms is crucial to determine the most accurate physical quality classification for breeding studies. In this paper, four commercial wheat cultivars (Altay-2000, Bezostaja-1, Harmankaya-99, and Kate A-1) and six doubled haploid (DH) wheat genotypes are studied to classify wheat cultivars and DH wheat genotypes separately. In the classification stage, feature vectors constructed from measured characters namely, kernel weight, diameter, hardness, and moisture are applied to well-known classifiers such as Common Vector Approach (CVA), Support Vector Machines (SVM) and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN). Satisfactory results especially for the training set are obtained from the experimental studies. Classification results are compared with single linkage hierarchical cluster (SLHC) analysis, which is the most widely used in breeding studies. Recognition of clustered genotypes in all three classification methods and dendrograms present similar results. The SVM model is found to be outperformed over other methods for studied characters and could therefore effectively be utilized for characterizing, classifying and/or identifying the wheat genotypes

Classifying Wheat Genotypes using Machine Learning Models for Single Kernel Characterization System Measurements

The properties related to market value, milling, classification, storage, and transportation of bread wheat are determined by using some important physical quality characteristics such as weight, shape, dimensions, and hardness of wheat kernels. It is possible to measure all these features using single kernel characterization system (SKCS). Classification of wheat genotypes using computer-based algorithms is crucial to determine the most accurate physical quality classification for breeding studies. In this paper, four commercial wheat cultivars (Altay-2000, Bezostaja-1, Harmankaya-99, and Kate A-1) and six doubled haploid (DH) wheat genotypes are studied to classify wheat cultivars and DH wheat genotypes separately. In the classification stage, feature vectors constructed from measured characters namely, kernel weight, diameter, hardness, and moisture are applied to well-known classifiers such as Common Vector Approach (CVA), Support Vector Machines (SVM) and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN). Satisfactory results especially for the training set are obtained from the experimental studies. Classification results are compared with single linkage hierarchical cluster (SLHC) analysis, which is the most widely used in breeding studies. Recognition of clustered genotypes in all three classification methods and dendrograms present similar results. The SVM model is found to be outperformed over other methods for studied characters and could therefore effectively be utilized for characterizing, classifying and/or identifying the wheat genotypes

Türkiye'de buğday (t. Aestivum l.) ekim alanı, üretim ve veriminin krigging yöntemi ile değerlendirmesi

The purpose of this study was to reveal similarities and dissimilarities of provinces and to determine the potential of provinces on wheat in terms of for acreage, production and yield by using krigging method in Turkey. Wheat is the most important and strategic crop for Turkey and plays important a role in crop production, food industry and animal husbandry whether it is given greater importance in production marketing and valorization. Results revealed that, significant relationships appear between acreage, production and crop yield. Besides, climatic, topographic and soil conditions are very significant factors in determining acreage, yield and production of wheat. The use of cultivars having higher yield, more tolerance to drought cold, and have a shorter growing period allowing rapid development will increase crop, yield therefore acreage and production.Bu çalışmanın amacı Krigging metodu ile Türkiye’de buğday yetiştiriciliği yapılan illerin ekim alanı, üretim ve verimi bakımından benzerlik ve farklılıklarının saptanması ve potansiyellerinin belirlenmesidir. Buğday Türkiye için önemli ve stratejik bir ürün olup bitkisel üretim, gıda sanayi ve hayvan beslenmesinde kullanılmaktadır. Çalışmalar ekim alanı, üretim ve verim arasında önemli ilişki olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Buğdayın ekim alanı, verim ve üretim miktarında iklim, topografya ve toprak koşulları önemli faktörler olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bunun yanı sıra verimi yüksek, soğuğa ve kurağa daha dayanıklı, vejetasyon süresi kısa çeşit kullanımı da buğdayda ekim alanı, verim ve üretim miktarında artışlara neden olmaktadır

Yaşam Bilimleri ve Biyoteknoloji

Bu araştırma, Eskişehir’de 2006–2007 yılında sulu koşullara uygun üç ticari tritikale çeşidi ve dört tritikale hattı ile kuru koşullara uygun üç ticari tritikale çeşidi ve altı tritikale hattının tarımsal özelliklerini karşılaştırmak amacıyla tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre dört tekrarlamalı olarak sulu ve kuru koşullarda yürütülmüştür. Her iki koşulda da, hasat indeksi ve kuru koşullarda bitki boyu dışında kalan özellikler için hatlar ve çeşitler arasında istatistiki olarak önemli farklılıklar belirlenmiştir. Bu farklılıklar, bu özellikler bakımından varyasyon olduğunu, bu hatların çeşitli özellikleri bakımından ıslah programlarında gen kaynağı olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, KTVD 10 ve KTVD 14 hatlarının kuru tarım alanları, STVD 2 ve STVD 3 hatlarının ise sulu tarım alanları için iyi birer çeşit adayı olabileceğini göstermektedi

Studies conducted on physical activity and brain: a bibliometric analysis

Purpose:Material and Methods:Results:Conclusion

Analysis of Population Differences and Inheritance of Some Spike Characteristics in Bread Wheat

Bu araştırma, beş ekmeklik buğday çeşidi arasında yapılan yarım diallel melez döllerinde bazı verim komponentlerinin kalıtımında rol oynayan genetik parametreler ile F2 ve F3 populasyon farklılıklarının belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada materyal olarak 5 adet ekmeklik buğday çeşidi (Flamura-85, Krasunia, Bezostaja-1, Pehlivan ve Sana) kullanılmıştır. F2 ve F3 tohumları 2008-2009 ve 2009-2010 yetiştirme yıllarında Tesadüf Blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekrarlamalı olarak, Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü deneme alanlarında ekilmişlerdir. Çalışmada başak boyu, başakçık sayısı, başakta tane sayısı, başakta tane ağırlığı, başak hasat indeksi, başak yoğunluğu ve parsel verimi özellikleri incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre incelenen özelliklerin kalıtımında hem eklemeli hem de eklemeli olmayan gen etkilerinin birlikte rol oynadığı görülmüştür. Bütün özellikler için üstün dominantlığın bulunduğu gözlenmiştir. Bütün özelliklerde dar anlamda kalıtım derecesi düşük bulunduğundan seleksiyonun ileri generasyonlara bırakılmasının faydalı olacağı sonucuna varılmıştır. Hem ortalama gözlem değerleri hem de kombinasyon yeteneği birlikte değerlendirildiğinde Krasunia ve Sana çeşitlerinin verim ve verim komponentlerini arttırmak için uygun ebeveynler olduğu saptanmıştır. Ortalama gözlem değerlerine ve özel kombinasyon yeteneği etkilerine göre incelenen özellikler için Krasunia x Pehlivan, Flamura-85 x Krasunia, Krasunia x Sana ve Pehlivan x Sana melezlerinin ümit var olduğu görülmüştürThis research was conducted to determine the genetic parameters played a role inheritance and differences of F and F3 population for some yield component in half diallel cross of wheat. Five wheat varieties (Flamura-85, Krasunia, Bezostaja-1, Pehlivan, and Sana) used as a material in research. F seeds obtained from F1plants belonging from the half diallel crossing and F seeds obtained from F2 plants was sown randomized complete block design with three replication in Namık Kemal University Agricultural Faculty research area in 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 growing seasons. Spike length, spikelet number per spike, grain number per spike, grain weight per spike, spike harvest index, spike intensity and grain yield per parcel were investigated in this study. According to results, it was found that both additive and non additive gene effects play a role inheritance of traits examined. Over dominance was found for all traits. Since the narrow sense heritability was found small for each of these traits, be selected further generations would be useful. When the mean observation and combining ability values are evaluated together, Krasunia and Sana is suitable genotypes for increased to yield and yield components. According to mean observation and combining ability values, Krasunia x Pehlivan, Flamura-85 x Krasunia, Krasunia x Sana ve Pehlivan x Sana are promising crosses for all traits examine

Analysis of Population Differences and Inheritance of Some Spike Characteristics in Bread Wheat

This research was conducted to determine the genetic parameters played a role inheritance and differences of F-2 and F-3 population for some yield component in half diallel cross of wheat. Five wheat varieties (Flamura-85, Krasunia, Bezostaja-1, Pehlivan, and Sana) used as a material in research. F-2 seeds obtained from F-1 plants belonging from the half diallel crossing and F-3 seeds obtained from F-2 plants was sown randomized complete block design with three replication in Namik Kemal University Agricultural Faculty research area in 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 growing seasons. Spike length, spikelet number per spike, grain number per spike, grain weight per spike, spike harvest index, spike intensity and grain yield per parcel were investigated in this study. According to results, it was found that both additive and non additive gene effects play a role inheritance of traits examined. Over dominance was found for all traits. Since the narrow sense heritability was found small for each of these traits, be selected further generations would be useful. When the mean observation and combining ability values are evaluated together, Krasunia and Sana is suitable genotypes for increased to yield and yield components. According to mean observation and combining ability values, Krasunia x Pehlivan, Flamura-85 x Krasunia, Krasunia x Sana ve Pehlivan x Sana are promising crosses for all traits examined