Microelectromechanical systems vibration powered electromagnetic generator for wireless sensor applications

This paper presents a silicon microgenerator, fabricated using standard silicon micromachining techniques, which converts external ambient vibrations into electrical energy. Power is generated by an electromagnetic transduction mechanism with static magnets positioned on either side of a moving coil, which is located on a silicon structure designed to resonate laterally in the plane of the chip. The volume of this device is approximately 100 mm3. ANSYS finite element analysis (FEA) has been used to determine the optimum geometry for the microgenerator. Electromagnetic FEA simulations using Ansoft’s Maxwell 3D software have been performed to determine the voltage generated from a single beam generator design. The predicted voltage levels of 0.7–4.15 V can be generated for a two-pole arrangement by tuning the damping factor to achieve maximum displacement for a given input excitation. Experimental results from the microgenerator demonstrate a maximum power output of 104 nW for 0.4g (g=9.81 m s1) input acceleration at 1.615 kHz. Other frequencies can be achieved by employing different geometries or material

Biomass in the manufacture of industrial products—the use of proteins and amino acids

The depletion in fossil feedstocks, increasing oil prices, and the ecological problems associated with CO2 emissions are forcing the development of alternative resources for energy, transport fuels, and chemicals: the replacement of fossil resources with CO2 neutral biomass. Allied with this, the conversion of crude oil products utilizes primary products (ethylene, etc.) and their conversion to either materials or (functional) chemicals with the aid of co-reagents such as ammonia and various process steps to introduce functionalities such as -NH2 into the simple structures of the primary products. Conversely, many products found in biomass often contain functionalities. Therefore, it is attractive to exploit this to bypass the use, and preparation of, co-reagents as well as eliminating various process steps by utilizing suitable biomass-based precursors for the production of chemicals. It is the aim of this mini-review to describe the scope of the possibilities to generate current functionalized chemical materials using amino acids from biomass instead of fossil resources, thereby taking advantage of the biomass structure in a more efficient way than solely utilizing biomass for the production of fuels or electricity

Effect Of Mould Vibration On Microstructure And Mechanical Properties Of Casting During Solidification -A Review.

In order to achieve better performance from alloy, manufactures may alter the alloy composition or the manufacturing process. The alterations can be done by composition or the manufacturing process. The alteration can be done by means off addition of alloying elements, by means of changes to the component design, or by means of changing the processing parameters. In the present work, a review on the work carried out on the effect of mold vibrations on the microstructure and mechanical properties of casting i.e of aluminum alloy during solidification is presente

Análise sequencial e suas possibilidades: uma revisão de literatura

Sequential analysis and its possibilities: a literature reviewAs an open system, dynamic, complex and nonlinear, whereupon coexist hierarchical sub-systems that interact by multiple connections possibilities (Castelo, 1999), the observation in football could be known as unnecessary. However, Barreira (2006) contend the game dynamic importance as a study object, because this way the game will evolve and reach higher knowledge levels. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate, by a literature review, the Sequential Analysis’ possibilities and benefits as an observation tool. Garganta (2001) shows that studies containing match analysis started to appear since the 30’s and present an instrumental, methodological and procedural evolve. Sequential Analysis is an analysis tool that allows the teams performed conducts description during a football game, enabling set which conducts repeat over the conducts that appear randomly, identifying conduct patterns. Thereby, we verified that Sequential Analysis can be useful for the coaches known the opponents, besides control and improve the team performance. Its use can also contribute with the search for answers inherent to the football game complexity.Sendo o jogo de futebol um sistema aberto, dinâmico, complexo e não linear, no qual coexistem subsistemas hierarquizados que interagem por meio de possibilidades de conexões múltiplas (Castelo, 1999), a observação poderia ser vista como algo desnecessário. Entretanto, Barreira (2006) defende a importância da dinâmica do jogo enquanto objeto de estudo, pois só assim o jogo poderá evoluir e atingir patamares de entendimento superiores. O objetivo geral deste estudo é demostrar, por meio de uma revisão da literatura, as possibilidades e os benefícios da Análise Sequencial como instrumento de observação. Garganta (2001) mostra que estudos contendo análise de jogo começaram a aparecer a partir da década de 30 e apresentam uma evolução instrumental, metodológica e processual. A Análise Sequencial é um instrumento de análise que permite a descrição das condutas empregadas pelas equipes durante uma partida de futebol, sendo possível determinar quais condutas se repetem em detrimento das condutas que aparecem aleatoriamente, encontrando assim padrões de conduta. Desta forma, verificamos que a Análise Sequencial pode ser útil para os treinadores conhecerem adversários, além de controlarem e melhorarem a performance da sua equipe. A sua utilização pode ainda contribuir na busca por respostas inerentes à complexidade do jogo de futebol.

Development of a dry-reagent mix-based polymerase chain reaction as a novel tool for the identification of Acinetobacter species and its comparison with conventional polymerase chain reaction

BACKGROUND: Nosocomial infections are often caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria and the incidence is increasing. Acinetobacter, a Gram-negative bacillus, is commonly associated with the use of intravascular catheterization and airway intubation. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for identification of Acinetobacter baumannii from samples has been standardized that use conventional wet-reagent mix. We have designed and optimized a dry-reagent mix for identification of Acinetobacter species by PCR. The dry-reagent mix can be stored at room temperature, has less chances of contamination, and thus can be used at point-of-care diagnosis. AIM AND OBJECTIVE: The present work was focused on comparing the sensitivity and specificity of dry-reagent PCR mix over conventional wet-reagent PCR mix for identification of Acinetobacter species. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Conventional wet-reagent mix based and dry-reagent mix based PCR were carried out for the DNA isolated from Acinetobacter species. The latter was also applied directly on bacterial growth without prior DNA extraction process. Equal numbers of bacterial isolates other than Acinetobacter species were also subjected to identification by the same protocols for determining the sensitivity and specificity of the test. RESULTS: The Acinetobacter species showed amplification of the target rpoB gene and the band was observed at 397 bp. The dry-reagent PCR mix results matched completely with the conventional wet-reagent PCR mix assay. All the non-Acinetobacter isolates were negative for the PCR. This indicates that the test is highly specific. The dry-reagent mix also contained an enzyme resistant to PCR inhibitors and capable of amplifying DNA directly from cells. CONCLUSION: Performance of dry-reagent PCR mix without the need for DNA extraction and preparation of a PCR mix proved to be more sensitive and reduce the handling error, minimizes the time, manual work, and skilled labor