THE EFFECT OF L-CARNOSINE ON ERYTHROCYTE DEFORMABILITY AND AGGREGATION ACCORDING TO THE CELL AGE IN YOUNG AND AGED RATS

This study aimed to investigate alterations in hemorheology induced by L-carnosine, an anti- oxidant dipeptide, and to determine their relationship to oxidative stress in density-separated erythrocytes of aged and young rats. 28 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups as aged (Aca), young (Yca) L-carnosine groups (250 mg/kg L-carnosine, i.p.) and aged (As), young (Ys) control groups (saline, i.p.). Density separation was further performed to these groups in order to separate erythrocytes according to their age. Blood samples were used for the determination of erythrocyte deformability, aggregation; and oxidative stress parameters. Erythrocyte deformability of Yca group measured at 0.53 Pa was lower than Aca group. Similarly, deformability of least-dense (young) erythrocytes of Yca group was decreased compared to least-dense erythrocytes of Aca groups. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of Aca group was higher and oxidative stress index (OSI) lower than As group. Although L-carnosine resulted in an enhancement in TAC of aged rats, this favorable effect was not observed in erythrocyte deformability and aggregation in the dose applied in this study

Investigation of the Effects of Intermittent Fasting and Swimming Exercise on Oxidative Stress: A 5:2 Intermittent Fasting Model in Rats

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Effect of ingested sulfite on hippocampus antioxidant enzyme activities in sulfite oxidase competent and deficient rats

Animal tissues are exposed to sulfite used as a preservative in food and drugs, and generated from the catabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids. Sulfite, which is a very reactive and potentially toxic molecule, is detoxified by the enzyme sulfite oxidase (SOX). Laboratory animals can be made deficient in SOX by the administration of a high-tungsten/low molybdenum regimen. It has been suggested that SOX deficient rats might be used as a model for the prediction of sulfite toxicity in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ingested sulfite on hippocampus superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities in SOX competent and deficient rats. Hippocampus SOD, CAT and GPx activities were found to be significantly increased by sulfite treatment in SOX competent groups. On the other hand, exposure to sulfite had no effect on antioxidant status in hippocampus of SOX deficient rats. In conclusion, these results suggest that hippocampus antioxidant capacity where defense mechanism against the oxidative challenge is up regulated by sulfite in SOX competent rats. This up regulation mechanism in antioxidant enzymes against to sulfite related oxidative stress is not observed in SOX deficient rats and remains to be explained. Copyright © 2007 Informa Healthcare

Effects of resistance training intensity on deformability and aggregation of red blood cells

This study aimed to investigate the short and long-term effects of resistance exercise training (RET) performed at different intensities (moderate and submaximal) on red blood cell (RBC) deformability and aggregation. 14 young male subjects were divided into two groups: Moderate intensity group performed 3 sets of 12 repetitions at an intensity corresponding to 70% of one-repetition maximum (1RM) whereas submaximal intensity group performed 3 sets of 6 repetitions at 85% of 1RM for 6 weeks. Blood samples were obtained just before and immediately after the RET on the first and last day of the program. Hemorheological parameters were determined using an ektacytometer (LORCA), hematological parameters were evaluated by a hematology analyzer. RBC deformability was found to increase in both groups immediately after the RET but this elevation was significant only in the moderate intensity group on the first day. RBC aggregation significantly increased in both groups immediately after the RET on the first and last day of the program. It is concluded that RET performed at an intensity corresponding to 70% of 1RM alters RBC deformability more than training performed at 85% of 1RM. On the other hand, both training protocols affect RBC aggregation in a similar way

Influence of classical and rock music on red blood cell rheological properties in rats

Background: A number of studies have reported physiological effects of music. Different types of music have been found to induce different alterations. Although some physiological and psychological parameters have been demonstrated to be influenced by music, the effect of music on hemorheological parameters such as red blood cell (RBC) deformability and aggregation are unknown. This study aimed at investigating the effects of classical and rock music on hemorheological parameters in rats. Material/Methods: Twenty-eight rats were divided into four groups: the control, noise-applied, and the classical music-and rock music-applied groups. Taped classical or rock music were played repeatedly for 1 hour a day for 2 weeks and 95-dB machine sound was applied to the noise-applied rats during the same period. RBC deformability and aggregation were measured using an ektacytometer. Results: RBC deformability was found to be increased in the classical music group. Exposure to both classical and rock music resulted in a decrement in erythrocyte aggregation, but the decline in RBC aggregation was of a higher degree of significance in the classical music group. Exposure to noise did not have any effect on the parameters studied. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that the alterations in hemorheological parameters were more pronounced in the classical music group compared with the rock music group. © Med Sci Monit

Altitude training induced alterations in erythrocyte rheological properties: A controlled comparison study in rats

Altitude training is frequently used by athletes to improve sea-level performance. However, the objective benefits of altitude training are controversial. This study aimed to investigate the possible alterations in hemorheological parameters in response to altitude training. Sprague Dawley rats, were divided into 6 groups: live low-train low (LLTL), live high-train high (LHTH), live high-train low (LHTL) and their controls live high and low (LHALC), live high (LHC), live low (LLC). LHC and LHTH groups were exposed to hypoxia (15% O2, altitudes of 3000 m), 4 weeks. LHALC and LHTL were exposed to 12 hours hypoxia/normoxia per day, 4 weeks. Hypoxia was maintained by a hypoxic tent. The training protocol corresponded to 60-70% of maximal exercise capacity. Rats of training groups ran on treadmill for 20-30 min/day, 4 days/week, 4 weeks. Erythrocyte deformability of LHC group was increased compared to LHALC and LLC. Deformability of LHTH group was higher than LHALC and LLTL groups. No statistically significant alteration in erythrocyte aggregation parameters was observed. There were no significant relationships between RBC deformability and exercise performance. The results of this study show that, living (LHC) and training at altitude (LHTH) seems more advantageous in hemorheological point of view. © 2014 - IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved