CURCUMIN-ZN-ARTEMETHER COMBINATION THERAPY FOR PLASMODIUM BERGHEI INFECTED MICE

Objective: Studies have shown that a new combination therapy with artemisinin derivatives and curcumin is unique, with potential advantages over known Artemisinin Combination Therapy (ACT). The problems of poor solubility, stability and bioavailability of curcumin can be overcome by preparing curcumin metal complex. In present study curcumin-Zn complex was prepared and evaluated for antimalarial activity in combination with artemether.Methods: Curcumin Zn complex was prepared using zinc sulfate. The mice survival and % parasitemia were studied in Plasmodium berghei (P. berghei) infected albino mice treated with curcumin, curcumin-Zn complex and combination of curcumin-Zn with artemether.Results: The mean survival time in mice infected with P. berghei was compared after treatment with curcumin, curcumin-Zn, artemether and combination of curcumin-Zn-artemether. Oral administration of curcumin-Zn-artemether prolonged the survival of P. berghei infected mice. All the mice were treated with Curcumin-Zn (5 mg/day) artemether (1000 µg) survived for more than 40 days and recovered with no detectable parasitemia. Administration of curcumin-Zn artemether combination reduced the parasitemia in mice more effectively compared to that in mice treated with a single drug.Conclusion: In vivo antimalarial activity of curcumin-Zn complex was found superior to curcumin. A single dose of 1000 µg of artemether in combination with curcumin-Zn gives complete protection in P. berghei infected mice. Such suppressive action was superior to that of administration of the single drug at the same dose. This may reduce the chances of drug resistance.Â

APPLICATION OF A VALIDATED STABILITY-INDICATING HPTLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL AND HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE IN PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM

Objective: To develop and validate stability indicating HPTLC method for simultaneous quantitative determination of candesartan cilexetil (CDT) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) in pharmaceutical dosage form.Methods: The present study deals with development and validation of stability indicating HPTLC method for simultaneous estimation of CDT and HCT. Chromatographic separation was performed on aluminum plate precoated with Silica Gel 60 F254 using toluene: chloroform: ethanol: glacial acetic acid (2:7:1:0.1 v/v) as mobile phase. The wavelength selected for densitometry scanning was 270 nm. Regression plots revealed linear relationships in the concentration range of 500-5000 and 400-2000 ng/band for CDT and HCT respectively. The correlation coefficient of calibration curves was found to be more than 0.99 for both analytes.Results: The chromatographic conditions gave compact spots at Rf value (±SD) 0.12 (±0.01) and 0.70 (±0.02) for HCT and CDT respectively. The method was validated as per International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines, demonstrating to be accurate and precise within the corresponding linearity range of titled analytes. Inherent stability of these drugs was studied by exposing drug substances to various stress conditions as per ICH guidelines namely oxidative, photolysis and hydrolytic conditions under different pH. Relevant degradation was found to take place under these conditions.Conclusion: A new simple, accurate, precise, sensitive and economic stability-indicating HPTLC method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of CDT and HCT in pharmaceutical dosage form. The proposed method can be used for the routine estimation of CDT and HCT in bulk and formulation and can be employed for stability-indicating analysis.Keywords: Candesartan cilexetil, Hydrochlorothiazide, HPTLC, Stability indicating method, Forced degradation, Stress studies, Validatio

In-Vitro Evaluation of Anti-Bacterial and Anti-Fungal Activity of Vitex nigundo (Verbenaceae)

Vitex negundo belongs to the family Verbenaceae. It is a large aromatic shrub distributed throughout the greater part of India up to an altitude of 1500 m in the outer Himalayas. It is widely planted as a hedge plant along the roads and between the roads. Traditionally it is having the flok claims like useful in treatment of rheumatism, insecticidal, antimicrobial, anticancer, tranquillizer, tonic, febrifuge, expectorant and diuretic properties. In the present study an attempt had been made to evaluate comparative antibacterial and antifungal principles from Vitex nigundo with some therapeutically used antibiotics. Different extracts of Vitex negundo leaves were investigated for its anti microbial and antifungal activity on five bacterial species and three fungal species these are Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris, Bacillus subtilis, E.coli, Pseudomonas aerugenosa and Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavon, Candida albicans respectively. Among all extracts waterethanol (50:50) extract showed maximum anti microbial and water extract showed maximum antifungal activity against all tested species

Razvoj i optimizacija sustava za isporuku metoprolol sukcinata sa zadržavanjem u želucu

Metoprolol succinate (MS) gastroretentive (GR) controlled release system was formulated to increase gastric residence time leading to improved drug bioavailability. Box-Behnken model was followed using novel combinations of sodium alginate (SA), sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC), magnesium alumino metasilicate (MAS) as independent variables. Floating lag time (Flag), t25, t50, t75, diffusion exponent as dependent variables revealed that the amount of SA, NaCMC and MAS have a significant effect (p < 0.05) on t25, t50, t75 and Flag. MSGR tablets were prepared and evaluated for mass, thickness, hardness, friability, drug content and floating property. Tablets were studied for dissolution for 24 h and exhibited controlled release of MS with floating for 16 h. The release profile of the optimized batch MS01 fitted first-order kinetics (R2 = 0.9868, n = 0.543), indicating non-Fickian diffusion or anomalous transport by diffusion and swelling.U radu je opisan razvoj sustava za isporuku metoprolol sukcinata (MS) s kontroliranim oslobađanjem i produljenim vremenom zadržavanja u želucu (GR), u svrhu poboljšanja bioraspoloživosti. Primijenjen je Box-Behnkenov model, a kao zavisne varijable izabrane su nove kombinacije natrijevog alginata (SA), natrijeve soli karboksimetilceluloze (NaCMC) i magnezijevog aluminometasilikata (MAS). Vrijeme plutanja (Flag), t25, t50, t75 i difuzijski eksponent kao zavisne varijable otkrili su da količina SA, NaCMC i MAS ima značajan učinak (p < 0,05) na t25, t50, t75 i Flag. Pripravljenim tabletama određena je masa, debljina, tvrdoća, lomljivost, sadržaj ljekovite tvari i sposobnost plutanja. Oslobađanje MS praćeno je 24 h. Rezultati pokazuju da je oslobađanje kontrolirano, a vrijeme plutanja 16 h. Oslobađanje iz optimiranog pripravka MS01 slijedi kinetiku prvog reda (R2 = 0,9868, n = 0,543), što ukazuje na difuziju koja ne slijedi Fickov zakon već anomalni transport difuzijom i bubrenjem

Solvent extraction of zinc(II), cadmium(II), mercury(II) and bismuth(III) using <i>n-octy </i>laniline and their separations

1674-1676Solvent extraction behaviour of zinc(II), cadmium(II), mercury(II) and bismuth(III) with n-octylaniline in different organic solvents from various aqueous acid solutions has been investigated. A scheme for the separation of these metals from each other is developed using dependence of distribution ratio on aqueous to organic phase ratio, selective strippants and also on different organic solvents as diluents. The nature of probable extracted species has been established. The method has been applied to separate and determine zinc and mercury from commercial pharmaceutical preparations. The proposed method is simple, rapid and selective

Removal of hexavalent chromium from industrial effluents by natural ion exchanger

338-344<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family: " times="" new="" roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-bidi-font-family:="" mangal;mso-ansi-language:en-gb;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:="" hi"="" lang="EN-GB">In this study, removal of chromium (VI) from aqueous solution using Tamarindous <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">indicia seeds has been investigated. The effects of pH, contact time, exchanger dose, have been studied at ambient temperature (25<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family: " times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-hansi-font-family:="" "times="" roman";mso-bidi-font-family:mangal;mso-ansi-language:en-gb;="" mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:hi;mso-char-type:symbol;="" mso-symbol-font-family:symbol"="" lang="EN-GB">°<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family: " times="" new="" roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-bidi-font-family:="" mangal;mso-ansi-language:en-gb;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:="" hi"="" lang="EN-GB">C <span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";="" mso-hansi-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-bidi-font-family:mangal;mso-ansi-language:="" en-gb;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:hi;mso-char-type:symbol;="" mso-symbol-font-family:symbol"="" lang="EN-GB">±<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family: " times="" new="" roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-bidi-font-family:="" mangal;mso-ansi-language:en-gb;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:="" hi"="" lang="EN-GB"> 2<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";="" mso-hansi-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-bidi-font-family:mangal;mso-ansi-language:="" en-gb;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:hi;mso-char-type:symbol;="" mso-symbol-font-family:symbol"="" lang="EN-GB">°<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family: " times="" new="" roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-bidi-font-family:="" mangal;mso-ansi-language:en-gb;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:="" hi"="" lang="EN-GB">C). The equilibrium process has been described by the Langmuir isotherm model with adsorption capacity for chromium (VI). The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Tamarindous indica seeds are subjected to different modification methods (pulverization, formaldehyde and sulphuric acid treatment) and adsorption capacity of modified Tamarindous <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">indica seeds for metal ion is obtained. The maximum exchange level have been attained 99% at pH 6.5 with exchanger dose 3.5 g and contact time 30 min. Method is applied for removal of chromium from industrial effluents.</span

1-(4'-Chlorophenyl)-4,4,6-trimethyl (1H,4H)-2-pyrimidinethiol as an Effective Reagent for the Spectrophotometric Determination of Copper After Synergic Extraction

1041-104

Solvent Extraction of Zinc(II), Indium(III), Thallium(III) & Bismuth(III) with N-n-Octylaniline from Hydrochloric Acid Media & Their Separation

1073-107