Identification for distributed parameter systems

This thesis considers the parameter identification problem for systems governed by partial differential equations. The various identification methods sire grouped into three disjoint classes namely: "Direct Methods", "Reduction to a Lumped Parameter System", and "Reduction to an Algebraic Equation". The major subject investigated here is concerned with the applicability of stochastic approximation algorithms for identifying distributed parameter systems (DPS) operating in a stochastic environ­ment, where no restriction on probability distributions is imposed. These algorithms are used as a straightforward identification procedure, converge to the real value of the parameters with probability one, and are suitable for on-line applications. In this way, a new identification method is developed for DPS described by linear models, driven by random inputs, and observed through noisy measurements. The very real case of noisy observations taken at a limited number of discrete points located in the spatial domain is considered. The proposed identifica­tion method assumes that a previous system classification has been performed, such that the model to be identified is known up to a set of space-varying parameters, where extraneous terms may be included

CORRELAÇÃO DA TROPONINA SANGUÍNEA E SALIVAR EM PACIENTES COM INFARTO AGUDO DO MIOCÁRDIO: ESTUDO PRELIMINAR

Introduction: In the event of myocardial injury, the identification of biomarkers that constitute the cardiac muscle cell, especially troponins, can be observed from blood and saliva samples. The preference for using saliva as a diagnostic fluid is supported by the ease of obtaining it using a non-invasive and potentially pre-hospital method. Objective: To verify the expression of troponin I in salivary fluid in acute myocardial infarction in emergency and pre-hospital screenings and correlate it with plasma troponin I levels. Method: Cross-sectional analytical study of diagnostic testing in 27 patients, 9 women and 18 men, with diagnostic confirmation of acute myocardial infarction. Blood and saliva samples were collected and stored and transported over a period of up to 24 hours for troponina I quantification. Results: The study demonstrated that 44.4% of patients were positive for troponin I in both analyses, with equal dichotomous results in 48.1% of cases. Thus, the salivary troponin test achieved 48% sensitivity and 50% specificity. Conclusion: It was possible to identify troponin in the saliva fluid of patients suffering from acute myocardial infarction, but the probability of a false positive result was 50% and a false negative result was 52%.Introdução: Na ocorrência da lesão miocárdica, a identificação de biomarcadores constituintes da célula muscular cardíaca, em especial as troponinas, pode ser observada a partir de amostras de sangue e saliva. A preferência pela utilização da saliva como fluído diagnóstico é sustentada pela facilidade de obtenção a partir de método não invasivo e potencialmente pré-hospitalar. Objetivo: Verificar a expressão de troponina I do fluído salivar no infarto agudo do miocárdio em triagens de emergências e pré-hospitalares e correlacioná-la com os níveis plasmáticos da troponina I. Método: Estudo analítico transversal de teste diagnóstico em 27 pacientes, 9 mulheres e 18 homens, com confirmação diagnóstica de infarto agudo do miocárdio. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue e saliva armazenadas e transportadas em período de até 24 h para quantificação da troponina I. Resultados: O estudo demonstrou que 44,4% dos pacientes apresentaram positivação de troponina I em ambas as análises, com igualdade de resultados dicotômicos em 48,1% dos casos. Assim, o teste de troponina salivar obteve 48% de sensibilidade e 50% de especificidade. Conclusão: Foi possível identificar troponina I no fluido da saliva de pacientes em vigência de infarte agudo do miocárdio, mas a probabilidade de ela ter resultado falso positivo foi de 50% e de falso negativo de 52%