Cryptographic Interweaving of Messages

During the past several decades, the information and communication technology sector has advanced significantly, enabling extensive information interchange over the internet, including message sharing and electronic transactions. These days, the main issue is how to transmit information securely. From ancient times, there has been interest in the field of cryptography research. A masterwork of cryptography is Muni Kumudendu's original work, Siribhoovalaya. His study served as the basis for the method suggested in this publication. Several messages can be sent using different keys utilising a single matrix. Encryption uses a variety of matrix traversal techniques, making it challenging for cryptanalysis to map the plaintext and ciphertext

Soil Metagenomics: Concepts and Applications

Soil is a living entity of the Earth, and considered as one of the main reservoir of microbial diversity. Studying the soil microbial diversity is very much necessary, as they play an important role in maintaining the health of soil by recycling the nutrients, creating soil structure and humus. However, the culture dependent approaches fail to provide clear estimates of the diversity and untapped resources. Hence, study of the microbial diversity using culture independent approaches become necessary. The field of metagenomics helps in studying the genomes of the diverse soil organisms collectively in their natural habitat which holds the promising for accessing novel genetic resources. Application of the metagenomics to the soil environment is very challenging due to several difficulties; one of which is co-extraction of humic acid with nucleic acids which hinder downstream high throughout processes. However, applying sequencing methods to soil microbial communities will help in uncovering the hidden resources like novel genes, biomolecules and other valuable products which are yet to be discovered or still unknown. Different culture independent techniques and applications of the metagenomics to study the abundant microflora of the complex and changing environment of soil discussed herein

Removal Efficiency of Synthetic Dyes by Copper Nanoparticles

Water contaminant and pathogenic microorganism elimination using nanotechnology is a fantastic potential. NaBH4 was used to create copper nanoparticles, and the effectiveness of the dye removal was assessed. Utilising scanning electron microscopy (SEM), DLS, UV-visible spectroscopy, and energy dispersive analysis by X-rays, the synthesised nanoparticles were characterised. This study examined the elimination of COD and BOD utilising (CuNPs) at various (20–100 ppm) levels. Both the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the biological oxygen demand (BOD) were shown to be effectively removed by CuNPs. Additionally, the synthesised copper nanoparticles are highly effective at removing synthetic dyes like methyl orange (89%), methylene blue (95%), and malachite green (97%)

A cross sectional study on depression among paramedical students in MES Institute of Paramedical Sciences

Background: Depression is characterized by persistent sadness and a lack of interest or pleasure in previously rewarding or enjoyable activities. It is very important to identify the factors predisposing to depression among paramedical students. The main objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of depression and the factors associated with depression among the paramedical students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among all the 208 paramedical students studying in MES using a predesigned questionnaire along with Beck’s depression inventory tool to identify depression.  Chi-square test and multivariate regression analysis were used to find the association between variables. Results: The prevalence of depression was found to be 24.5%. 11.54 % of the total study participants have borderline depression, while 10.58%, 1.92% and 0.48 % had moderate, severe and extreme form of depression respectively. Chi square test showed type of family, course of study, smoking habits, traumatic events in the past, bad interpersonal relationship, concern regarding the future were found to be statistically associated with depression. In multivariate analysis, bad interpersonal relationship between friends and family members (OR= 3.13), worrying about the future (OR=6.03) and those who never sought any form of help for mental stress (OR=1.5) were the risk factors identified. Conclusions: Course selection, type of family they came from, any traumatic events in the past, lack of interpersonal relationship between friends, worrying about the job opportunities after completing the course, not seeking help for mental stress were the factors contributing towards depression

An environmental sustainability roadmap for partially substituting agricultural waste for sand in cement blocks

Agricultural waste can be used in cement block production for a number of reasons, including its environmental, economic, and labor benefits. This study examines the mechanical, durability, and cost-effectiveness characteristics of cement blocks. A cement block made from agriculture waste promotes sustainable construction practices, since waste agriculture is often dumped in landfills and regarded as a waste material. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions produced by the construction sector, either from the firing of clay bricks or from the production of cement, contribute significantly to global warming. In many developing countries, air pollution from agricultural activities is primarily accounted for the emissions from agricultural machinery and openly burning agro-waste. Farming is one of the leading causes of water and soil pollution. Hence, adopting agricultural waste into cement production would significantly reduce the environmental impact of concrete structures. The goal of this research is to determine whether agricultural waste products, such as vermiculite, pistachio shells, sugarcane bagasse, and coconut husks, can be used to substitute sand in concrete blocks. The water absorption capacity of waste materials, density, flexural strength, fire resistance, and compressive strength of waste materials as admixtures in concrete were evaluated using experimental tests. In most cases, the concrete blocks made from agricultural waste were strong enough to satisfy ASTM standards. The specimens containing coconut husks and pistachio shells, among others, were found to be fairly strong and durable, even when isolating them from water

Salivary C-Reactive Protein in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis and Subacute Thyroiditis

C-reactive protein (CRP), an acute-phase reactant, has been identified as a saliva-based biomarker of inflammation. The objective of the study was to estimate and compare salivary CRP levels in Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and Subacute thyroiditis (SAT). The study included 30 HT patients who presented with clinical features of hypothyroidism, 15 SAT patients who presented with clinical features of hyperthyroidism, and 20 healthy age- and sex-matched euthyroid controls. CRP levels in saliva were estimated using an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay method with enhanced sensitivity. In HT, the mean salivary CRP levels did not differ significantly from controls. SAT patients had significantly elevated salivary CRP levels compared to HT patients and controls. The rise in salivary CRP levels in SAT patients conceivably reflects the presence of an inflammatory process. Saliva CRP levels appear to serve as inflammatory markers in SAT patients and may aid their clinical evaluation