20 research outputs found
Чинники ефективності антикризового управління суб'єктами господарювання в економіці України
У статті розглядаються проблеми формування підходів організації антикризового управління суб'єктами господарювання в економіці України. На ґрунті вітчизняного та зарубіжного досвіду й результатів власних досліджень автора запропоновано психологічний тип антикризового менеджера.
(The article is devoted to the problems of forming of approaches of organization of anticrisis management by the subjects of menage in the economy of Ukraine. On the base of domestic and foreign experience and results of own researches of author the psychological type of anticrisis manager is offered.
Studies of Early Events of Folding of a Predominately β‑Sheet Protein Using Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy and Other Biophysical Methods
The
interplay between the early collapse of the unfolded state
and the formation of the secondary structure has been the subject
of extensive research in protein chemistry. In this study, we used
the intestinal fatty acid binding protein (IFABP), a small model protein
with predominately β-sheet structure, to study the early events,
including the early chain collapse and the formation of the secondary
structure. We used a combination of fluorescence correlation spectroscopy
and far-UV circular dichroism (CD) to understand how these early processes
influence the late folding events like the stabilization of the secondary
structure and aggregation. Acid-induced unfolded IFABP was found to
collapse in the presence of low concentrations of added salt and aggregate
at higher concentrations. Both the formation of the collapsed state
and aggregation were conveniently probed by fluorescence correlation
spectroscopy, a sensitive fluorescence technique with single-molecule
resolution. In contrast, the formation of the secondary structure
was monitored by far-UV CD. The results suggested that backbone hydrogen
bond formation, not only the overall hydrophobicity of IFABP, may
play crucial roles in the early collapse. Two mutant proteins positioned
at a crucial nucleating site, namely, G80V and L64G, although being
opposite in their overall hydrophobicity,
collapsed relatively rapidly compared to the wild-type protein. The
interconnection among the early collapse, the formation of the secondary
structure, and aggregation was similar for these two mutants. Another
mutant, G44V, which was identical in its overall hydrophobicity to
G80V
but situated in a region distant from the hydrophobic core, was
found to be very different from G80V and L64G
Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy Study on the Effects of the Shape and Size of a Protein on Its Diffusion Inside a Crowded Environment
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy
(FCS) has been commonly used
to study the diffusional and conformational fluctuations of labeled
molecules at single-molecule resolution. Here, we explored the applications
of FCS inside a polyacrylamide gel to study the effects of molecular
weight and molecular shape in a crowded environment. To understand
the effect of molecular weight, we carried out FCS experiments with
four model systems of different molecular weights in the presence
of varying concentrations of acrylamide. The correlation curves were
fit adequately using a model containing two diffusing components:
one representing unhindered diffusion and one representing slow hindered
diffusion in the gel phase. A large number of measurements carried
out at different randomly chosen spots on a gel were used to determine
the most probable diffusion time values using Gaussian distribution
analysis. The variation of the diffusivity with the molecular weight
of the model systems could be represented well using the effective
medium model. This model assumes a combination of hydrodynamic and
steric effects on solute diffusivity. To study the effects of solute
shape, FCS experiments were carried inside a urea gradient gel to
probe the urea-induced unfolding transition of Alexa488Maleimide-labeled
bovine serum albumin. We showed that the scaling behavior, relating
the hydrodynamic radius and the number of amino acids, changes inside
an acrylamide gel for both folded and unfolded proteins. We showed
further that crowding induced by a polyacrylamide gel increases the
resolution of measuring the difference in hydrodynamic radii between
the unfolded and folded states
A Facile Synthesis of PEG-Coated Magnetite (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) Nanoparticles and Their Prevention of the Reduction of Cytochrome C
We report here a facile and green synthetic approach
to prepare
magnetite (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) nanoparticles (NPs) with magnetic
core and polyethylene glycol (PEG) surface coating. The interaction
of the bare and PEG-coated Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs with cytochrome
c (cyt c, an important protein with direct role in the electron transfer
chain) is also reported in this study. With ultrasonication as the
only peptization method and water as the synthesis medium, this method
is easy, fast, and environmentally benign. The PEG coated NPs are
highly water dispersible and stable. The bare NPs have considerable
magnetism at room temperature; surface modification by PEG has resulted
in softening the magnetization. This approach can very well be applicable
to prepare biocompatible, surface-modified soft magnetic materials,
which may offer enormous utility in the field of biomedical research.
Detailed characterizations including XRD, FTIR, TG/DTA, TEM, and VSM
of the PEG-coated Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs were carried out
in order to ensure the future applicability of this method. Although
the interaction of bare NPs with cyt c shows reduction of the protein,
efficient surface modification by PEG prevents its reduction
Unfolding transitions of WT and cysteine mutants of Viperin monitored by far- UV CD.
<p>Urea induced unfolding of the WT (black), the triple mutant (red), C83A mutant (blue), C87A mutant (dark green), and C90A mutant (magenta) of Viperin. The ellipticity measured at 223 nm is plotted against urea concentration. The data for WT and the cysteine mutants are fit to equation 1 assuming two state unfolding transitions. The experiments have been carried out in 20 mM phosphate buffer at pH 7.5.</p
Far-UV circular dichroism spectra of WT and cysteine mutants of Viperin.
<p>Far-UV CD spectra of the WT Viperin (____), the triple cysteine mutant (-.-.-.), C83A mutant (_ . . . _), C87A mutant (- - - -), C90A mutant (. . . .). The CD experiments have been carried out in 20 mM sodium phosphate buffer at ph7.5.</p
Fluorescence spectra of WT and cysteine mutants of Viperin in folded and unfolded condition.
<p>Fluorescence emission spectra of (a) the WT Viperin, (b) the triple mutant (c) C83A mutant, (d) C87A mutant and (e) C90A mutant (f) NATA in the absence (void circle) and presence (closed circle) of 10 M urea. Fluorescence experiments have been carried out in 20 mm phosphate buffer at pH 7.5. A red shift in the emission spectra is shown by a double headed arrow for the WT protein.</p
Thermodynamic parameters of the equilibrium unfolding transitions of WT and cysteine mutants of Viperin.
<p>Thermodynamic parameters of the equilibrium unfolding transitions of WT and cysteine mutants of Viperin.</p
UV-visible absorption spectra of WT and cysteine mutants of Viperin.
<p>UV-visible absorption spectra of the WT Viperin (black), the triple cysteine mutant (cyan), C83A mutant (red), C87A mutant (blue), and C90A mutant (dark green). The experiments are performed in 20 mM sodium phosphate buffer at ph7.5. The WT protein exhibits two peaks at 325 nm and 410 nm (shown by arrows) which are characteristic of Fe-S cluster. They are found to be absent in the case of cysteine mutants.</p
Comparative Study of Toluidine Blue O and Methylene Blue Binding to Lysozyme and Their Inhibitory Effects on Protein Aggregation
A comparative
binding interaction of toluidine blue O (TBO) and
methylene blue (MB) with lysozyme was investigated by multifaceted
biophysical approaches as well as from the aspects of in silico biophysics.
The bindings were static, and it occurred via ground-state complex
formation as confirmed from time-resolved fluorescence experiments.
From steady-state fluorescence and anisotropy, binding constants were
calculated, and it was found that TBO binds more effectively than
MB. Synchronous fluorescence spectra revealed that binding of dyes
to lysozyme causes polarity changes around the tryptophan (Trp) moiety,
most likely at Trp 62 and 63. Calorimetric titration also depicts
the higher binding affinity of TBO over MB, and the interactions were
exothermic and entropy-driven. In silico studies revealed the potential
binding pockets in lysozyme and the participation of residues Trp
62 and 63 in ligand binding. Furthermore, calculations of thermodynamic
parameters from the theoretical docking studies were in compliance
with experimental observations. Moreover, an inhibitory effect of
these dyes to lysozyme fibrillogenesis was examined, and the morphology
of the formed fibril was scanned by atomic force microscopy imaging.
TBO was observed to exhibit higher potential in inhibiting the fibrillogenesis
than MB, and this phenomenon stands out as a promising antiamyloid
therapeutic strategy