Concrete sewer pipe corrosion induced by sulphuric acid environment

Corrosion of concrete sewer pipes induced by sulphuric acid attack is a recognised problem worldwide, which is not only an attribute of countries with hot climate conditions as thought before. The significance of this problem is by far only realised when the pipe collapses causing surface flooding and other severe consequences. To change the existing post-reactive attitude of managing companies, easy to use and robust models are required to be developed which currently lack reliable data to be correctly calibrated. This paper focuses on laboratory experiments of establishing concrete pipe corrosion rate by submerging samples in to 0.5 pH sulphuric acid solution for 56 days under 10ºC, 20ºC and 30ºC temperature regimes. The result showed that at very early stage of the corrosion process the samples gained overall mass, at 30ºC the corrosion progressed quicker than for other temperature regimes, however with time the corrosion level for 10ºC and 20ºC regimes tended towards those at 30ºC. Overall, at these conditions the corrosion rates of 10 mm/year, 13,5 mm/year and 17 mm/year were observed

Change in arterial distensibility after antihypertensive treatment in three arterial sites: abdominal aorta, carotid artery and brachial artery

Significant site effect was observed:<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Arterial Stiffness and Pharmacological Interventions – The TRanscend Arterial stiffNess Substudy (TRANS study)"</p><p></p><p>Vascular Health and Risk Management 2007;3(4):381-388.</p><p>Published online Jan 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2291337.</p><p>© 2007 Dove Medical Press Limited. All rights reserved</p

A Robust Method for Iodine Status Determination in Epidemiological Studies by Capillary Electrophoresis

Iodine deficiency is the most common preventable cause of intellectual disabilities in children. Global health initiatives to ensure optimum nutrition thus require continuous monitoring of population-wide iodine intake as determined by urinary excretion of iodide. Current methods to analyze urinary iodide are limited by complicated sample pretreatment, costly infrastructure, and/or poor selectivity, posing restrictions to large-scale epidemiological studies. We describe a simple yet selective method to analyze iodide in volume-restricted human urine specimens stored in biorepositories by capillary electrophoresis (CE) with UV detection. Excellent selectivity is achieved when using an acidic background electrolyte in conjunction with dynamic complexation via α-cyclodextrin in an unmodified fused-silica capillary under reversed polarity. Sample self-stacking is developed as a novel online sample preconcentration method to boost sensitivity with submicromolar detection limits for iodide (S/N ≈ 3, 0.06 μM) directly in urine. This assay also allows for simultaneous analysis of environmental iodide uptake inhibitors, including thiocyanate and nitrate. Rigorous method validation confirmed good linearity (<i>R</i>² = 0.9998), dynamic range (0.20 to 4.0 μM), accuracy (average recovery of 93% at three concentration levels) and precision for reliable iodide determination in pooled urine specimens over 29 days of analysis (RSD = 11%, <i>n</i> = 87)

Baseline Characteristics of Asians and Non-Asians in the ONTARGET and TRANSCEND studies.

<p>*7 patients with missing ethnicity.</p><p>BP = blood pressure; BMI = body mass index; HDL = high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL = low density lipoprotein cholesterol; PTCA = percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.</p

Risk of the primary outcome (cardiovascular death, MI, stroke or admission for CHF) on Ramipril and Telmisartan, comparing Asians and Non-Asians in the ONTARGET Study.

<p>*Risk in telmisartan/ramipril group.</p>¶<p>p-value (telmisartan vs. ramipril) based on non-inferiority margin 1.13.</p>†<p>p-value (asians vs. non-asians).</p>§<p>p for interaction.</p

Percent Permanent Discontinuations Because of Side effects in ONTARGET and TRANSCEND.

<p>*Risk in telmisartan/ramipril group.</p>¶<p>p-value (telmisartan vs. ramipril).</p>**<p>Risk in telmisartan/placebo group.</p>δ<p>p-value (telmisartan vs. placebo).</p>†<p>p-value (asians vs. non-asians).</p>§<p>p for interaction.</p

Percent Discontinuations Because of Cough in the ONTARGET Study.

<p>*Risk in telmisartan/ramipril group.</p>δ<p>p-value (telmisartan vs. ramipril).</p>†<p>p-value (asians vs. non-asians).</p>§<p>p for interaction.</p

Overall Discontinuations in Percent, in ONTARGET and TRANSCEND.

<p>*Risk in telmisartan/ramipril group.</p>¶<p>p-value (telmisartan vs. ramipril).</p>**<p>Risk in telmisartan/placebo group.</p>δ<p>p-value (telmisartan vs. placebo).</p>†<p>p-value (asians vs. non-asians).</p>§<p>p for interaction.</p

Percent of Patients Achieving Full Dose Ramipril, Telmisartan or placebo at the end of the ONTARGET and TRANSCEND studies.

<p>*Risk in telmisartan/ramipril group.</p>¶<p>p-value (telmisartan vs. ramipril).</p><p>**Risk in telmisartan/placebo group.</p>δ<p>p-value (telmisartan vs. placebo).</p>†<p>p-value (asians vs. non-asians).</p>§<p>p for interaction.</p

Sample characteristics from the EPOCH 2 study in 5 countries.

<p>Sample characteristics from the EPOCH 2 study in 5 countries.</p