Evaluations of Thinning Algorithms for Preprocessing of Handwritten Characters

Thinning algorithms have played an important role in preprocessing phase which decides the success of recognition in the OCR system. This paper report on the performance of 11 thinning algorithms from the perspective of character recognition where different aspects of the performance of each algorithm like computing time, deviation from perfect 8-connectedness, and number of possible noise spurs present in the skeletons are considered

PENGARUH METODE APLIKASI VAKSINASI ANTRAKS TERHADAP SUHU TUBUH, FREKUENSI DENYUT JANTUNG DAN RESPIRASI DOMBA LOKAL

The anthrax disease is caused by Bacillus anthracis which is Gram- positive and rod-shaped. The disease attacks the herbivores and can also be transmitted in humans. Vaccination is one way that is used for the prevention of anthrax disease. The anthrax vaccinations still use live anthrax vaccine, containing Bacillus anthracis sprouts 34F2, toxigenic and not encapsulated and contain 10 million spores / ml in50% glycerine-NaCl physiologic solution and 0.5% saponin. The success of the anthrax vaccination program is strongly influenced bythe physiological status of the animal, the vaccine used and the givenmethod of administration and dosage. The World HealthOrganization recommends that the application of anthrax vaccine be done in two inoculation schedules of the first application of ¼ doses and then followed by full dose a month later. The side effects of vaccination reactions that lead to anaphylactic shock can be monitored and prevented by first measuring the physiological status of livestock in the form of temperature, pulsus and respiration in a certain period of time. The purpose of this study to determine whether there are differences in physiological parameters such as body temperature, heart frequency and respiration of sheep who received different doses of vaccination. 12 lambs were divided: first group of control, second group of full dose (0.5 cc) and third group of preinoculation dose (0.125 cc). Parameters measured in the morning and afternoon. Data analysis using variance Analysis. The results showed that there was no significant difference in physiological parameters of body temperature, heart frequency and local sheep respiration given different methods of vaccination.

Nonlinear Maxwell modelling of inverse relaxation in yarns and fabrics

An attempt has been made to fit the derived equation on the experimental inverse relaxation curves by employing Levenberg-Marquardt’s method for nonlinear regression and calculation of the constant values involved in the equation. The relaxation curves can be classified into ordinary relaxation, mixed relaxation and inverse relaxation curves. There seems to be good concurrence between the experimental and the fitted inverse relaxation curves

Intrauterine insemination: a retrospective review on determinants of success

Background: To determine the prognostic factors such as female patient’s characteristics and of semen parameters on the pregnancy rate following intrauterine inseminationMethods: This study was done at Assisted Reproduction Centre, KLE’s Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Belgaum, India between June 2011 to May 2012. A total of 264 IUI cycles in which clomiphene citrate with or without human menopausal gonadotropin was used for ovarian stimulation were analysed retrospectively to identify prognostic factors regarding treatment outcome.Results: In this study the pregnancy rate was 17.25%. The logistic regression analysis of variables showed that number of follicles and total IUI cycles were significantly associated with success rate but age of the couple, duration of infertility, endometrial thickness, size of the follicles, sperm count and sperm motility did not show significant differences between pregnant and non pregnant women.Conclusions: The findings of this study showed that age of the couple, duration of infertility, endometrial thickness, size of the follicles, sperm count and sperm motility did not correlate with pregnancy occurrence in an IUI cycle but number of follicles and total IUI cycles correlated with the occurrence of pregnancy.

Aerodynamic design of a cooled cooling air system for an aero gas turbine

This paper examines the aerodynamic design requirements of a cooled cooling air system for a large, high by-pass ratio, high overall pressure ratio aero-engine. This can be broken into aerodynamic sub-systems each with their own set of requirements and challenges. A low pressure system is required to deliver air bled from the bypass duct to a heat exchanger for use as a heat sink. Similarly, a high pressure system removes a portion of the hot core engine air from a location downstream of the compressor and ducts this to-and-from the HX for cooling. This cooled air must then be returned, across the main gas path, for use in component cooling. The challenge is to design these sub-systems such that satisfactorily perform their own function whilst integrating into the existing engine architecture. This paper presents an overview of a number of studies which use CFD to explore the design space and develop appropriate designs which were subsequently experimentally validated on several isothermal test facilities. Ultimately the feasibility of designing the aerodynamic sub-systems was demonstrated and a future design strategy established

Use of ozone in healing failed pectoralis major myocutaneous advancement flap

Infection of the sternotomy wound following cardiac surgery is quiet common. The PMMF (pectoralis major myocutaneous advancement flap) procedure is commonly used to treat non healing sternotomy wounds following CABG (coronary artery bypass graft) procedure. Ozone is used in the treatment of chronic, infected non healing wounds. A 65 year old female with a similar type of situation was treated with ozone in our study and the effects of ozone to significantly control infection and promote healing of the failed PMMF (pectoralis major myocutaneous advancement flap) graft can be well appreciated

Latent transforming growth factor binding protein 4 (LTBP4) is downregulated in mouse and human DCIS and mammary carcinomas

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-) is able to inhibit the proliferation of epithelial cells and is involved in the carcinogenesis of mammary tumors. Three latent transforming growth factor- binding proteins (LTBPs) are known to modulate TGF- functions. The current study analyses the expression profiles of LTBP4, its isoforms LTBP1 and LTBP3, and TGF-1, TGF-2, TGF-3, and SMAD2, SMAD3 and SMAD4 in human and murine (WAP-TNP8) DCIS compared to invasive mammary tumors. Additionally mammary malignant (MCF7, Hs578T, MDA-MB361) and non malignant cell lines (Hs578BsT) were analysed. Microarray, q-PCR, immunoblot, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used. In comparison to non-malignant tissues (n = 5), LTBP4 was downregulated in all human and mouse DCIS (n = 9) and invasive mammary adenocarcinomas (n = 5) that were investigated. We also found decreased expression of bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4) and increased expression of its inhibitor gremlin (GREM1). Treatment of the mammary tumor cell line (Hs578T) with recombinant TGF-1 rescued BMP4 and GREM1 expression. We conclude that the lack of LTBP4-mediated targeting in malignant mammary tumor tissues may lead to a possible modification of TGF-1 and BMP bioavailability and function

Gremlin-1 Induces BMP-Independent Tumor Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion

Gremlin-1, a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist, is overexpressed in various cancerous tissues but its role in carcinogenesis has not been established. Here, we report that gremlin-1 binds various cancer cell lines and this interaction is inhibited by our newly developed gremlin-1 antibody, GRE1. Gremlin-1 binding to cancer cells was unaffected by the presence of BMP-2, BMP-4, and BMP-7. In addition, the binding was independent of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2) expression on the cell surface. Addition of gremlin-1 to A549 cells induced a fibroblast-like morphology and decreased E-cadherin expression. In a scratch wound healing assay, A549 cells incubated with gremlin-1 or transfected with gremlin-1 showed increased migration, which was inhibited in the presence of the GRE1 antibody. Gremlin-1 transfected A549 cells also exhibited increased invasiveness as well as an increased growth rate. These effects were also inhibited by the addition of the GRE1 antibody. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that gremlin-1 directly interacts with cancer cells in a BMP- and VEGFR2-independent manner and can induce cell migration, invasion, and proliferation