Studying the properties of the unburned gravel from fly-ash of Thermo Electric Plant–5 SIBECO

The results of the determination of the physico-mechanical properties of the unburned gravel obtained from fly ash of Thermal Power Plant-5 SIBEKOare presented. The aggregate properties were determined according to State Standard 9758-2012. It is established that the unburned ash gravel meets the requirements of State Standard 32496-2013 and can be used as a large artificial aggregate in construction concretes.Представлены результаты определения физико-механических свойств безобжигового гравия, полученного из золы-уноса ТЭЦ-5 ОАО «СИБЭКО». Свойства заполнителя определяли по ГОСТ 9758-2012. Установлено, что безобжиговый зольный гравий удовлетворяет требованиями ГОСТ 32496-2013 и может применяться в качестве крупного искусственного заполнителя в строительных бетонах

Concrete composition selection on unburned gravel from fly-ash

On the basis of unburned ash gravel, the composition of concrete is selected and their physico-mechanical properties are determined. In terms of density, they refer to lightened concrete (1817–1857 kg/m3), strengths correspond to classes B10, B12.5 and B25. The introduction of a superplasticizer additive reduces the water requirement of the concrete mix and increases the strength of the concrete.На основе безобжигового зольного гравия подобраны составы бетонов и определены их физико-механические свойства. По плотности они относятся к облегченным бетонам (1817–1857 кг/м3), прочности ‒ соответствуют классам В10, В12,5 и В25. Введение добавки суперпластификатора снижает водопотребность бетонной смеси и повышает прочность бетона

Intermediate phase, network demixing, boson and floppy modes, and compositional trends in glass transition temperatures of binary AsxS1-x system

The structure of binary As_xS_{1-x} glasses is elucidated using modulated-DSC, Raman scattering, IR reflectance and molar volume experiments over a wide range (8%<x<41%) of compositions. We observe a reversibility window in the calorimetric experiments, which permits fixing the three elastic phases; flexible at x<22.5%, intermediate phase (IP) in the 22.5%<x<29.5% range, and stressed-rigid at x>29.5%. Raman scattering supported by first principles cluster calculations reveal existence of both pyramidal (PYR, As(S1/2)3) and quasi-tetrahedral(QT, S=As(S1/2)3) local structures. The QT unit concentrations show a global maximum in the IP, while the concentration of PYR units becomes comparable to those of QT units in the phase, suggesting that both these local structures contribute to the width of the IP. The IP centroid in the sulfides is significantly shifted to lower As content x than in corresponding selenides, a feature identified with excess chalcogen partially segregating from the backbone in the sulfides, but forming part of the backbone in selenides. These ideas are corroborated by the proportionately larger free volumes of sulfides than selenides, and the absence of chemical bond strength scaling of Tgs between As-sulfides and As-selenides. Low-frequency Raman modes increase in scattering strength linearly as As content x of glasses decreases from x = 20% to 8%, with a slope that is close to the floppy mode fraction in flexible glasses predicted by rigidity theory. These results show that floppy modes contribute to the excess vibrations observed at low frequency. In the intermediate and stressed rigid elastic phases low-frequency Raman modes persist and are identified as boson modes. Some consequences of the present findings on the optoelectronic properties of these glasses is commented upon.Comment: Accepted for PR

ПРЯМОЙ АТОМНО-АБСОРБЦИОННЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ПОЧВ С ПОМОЩЬЮ ПРИСТАВКИ АТЗОНД-1 ДЛЯ ДВУХСТАДИЙНОЙ ЗОНДОВОЙ АТОМИЗАЦИИ В ГРАФИТОВОЙ ПЕЧИ

The new economic method of the direct atomic absorption analysis of the soils as suspensions (~50 mg/ml) is offered. It is based on the double-stage probe atomization which is carried out by means of an original robotized accessory ATZOND-1 to a commercial graphite furnace. It is possible to remove matrix interferences, to use rather representative sample weight of the soil (up to 12 mg), to do without chemical preparation and special calibration standards. The limits of determination in the dry soil for Pb – 0.002, Cd – 0.1, Se –10, Au – 3 mg/kg. It is sufficient for maximum allowable concentrations control and gold content in the rock. Sensitivity adjustment for measurement of Zn, Si, Al and Fe concentrations which contents reaches tens percent is provided. Validation is checked using soil reference materials SP-1, SP-2 and SP-3, Sr    5 %.Keywords: direct atomic absorption analysis, graphite atomizer, double-stage probe atomization, soil, suspension(Russian)DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2013.17.2.005Y.А. Zakharov1,  О.B. Kokorina1, B.R. Grigoryan2, R.V. Okunev2, D.S. Irisov3,R.R. Haibullin3, M.F. Sadykov4, A.R. Gainutdinov4 Departments of 1General Physics and 2Soil Science of Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation3 LLC «Atzond», Kazan, Russian Federation 4Department of Industrial Electronics of Kazan State Power Engineering University, Kazan, Russian FederationПредложен новый экономичный способ прямого атомно-абсорбционного анализа почв, вносимых в печь в виде суспензий (~50 мг/мл). Он основан на двухстадийной зондовой атомизации, осуществляемой с помощью оригинальной роботизированной приставки АТЗОНД-1 к стандартной графитовой печи. Удается снизить матричные помехи, использовать представительные навески почвы (до 12 мг), обходиться без химической подготовки и специальных калибровочных образцов. Нижний предел определяемых содержаний в сухой почве составляет, в мг/кг: Pb – 0.002, Cd – 0.1, Se –10, Au – 3. Он достаточен для контроля ПДК и золотоносности породы. Обеспечена регулировка чувствительности для измерения концентрации Zn, Si, Al и Fe, содержание которых в почве достигает десятков процентов. Правильность проверена на образцах почв СП-1, СП-2 и СП-3, Sr 5 %.Ключевые слова: прямой атомно-абсорбционный анализ, графитовый атомизатор, двухстадийная зондовая атомизация, почва, суспензия.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2013.17.2.00

Composition and Properties of Non-Fired Fly Ash Gravel and Concrete on Its Basis

Non-fired fly ash gravel was obtained on the basis of fly ash of thermal power plant no 5 of JSC "SIBEKO", 15 % of Portland cement and the hardening accelerator. The gravel of 5-20 mm fraction and 6 months' air-moist curing is 900 density grade, P300 strength grade, frost-resistance grade - F35. The compositions of cement concretes of strength class from B10 to B25 were established and their physical and mechanical properties were determined using obtained non-fired fly ash gravel. They belong to the lightweight concrete according to the density (1817-1857 kg/m3). The introduction of superplasticizer SP-1 reduces water demand of concrete mixture and increases strength of concrete on fly ash gravel. © 2019 Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.The work was supported by Act 211 Government of the Russian Federation, contract № 02.A03.21.0006

Gas Exchange in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Relationships with Pulmonary Poorly Communicating Fraction and Alveolar Volume

Tuberculosis-related lung damage is very different. Lung ventilation disorders have been studied in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) during the active process and after treatment, but the main causes of gas exchange changes have not been sufficiently studied. Investigation of diffusing lung capacity in combination with bodyplethysmography is useful for the interpretation of pulmonary gas exchange disorders. The aim was to determine the relationship of gas exchange with the value of alveolar volume (VA) and pulmonary poorly communicating fraction (PCF) in patients with pulmonary TB. A total of 292 patients (117/175 M/W) with verified pulmonary TB with smoking age less than 10 packs-years underwent spirometry, bodyplethysmography, and DLCO by the single-breath method. PCF was estimated calculating the difference between total lung capacity (TLC) and VA (% TLC). Patients with low DLCO had statistically significantly lower spirometric values (FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, MMEF), lower TLC, higher airway resistance, RV/TLC, air-trapping volume, and PCF. The patients with low level of DLCO were divided into four groups depending on level VA and PCF. In most patients with infiltrative tuberculosis (50%), the leading syndrome of the DLCO decrease was alveolar-capillary damage. In patients with tuberculomas, the syndromes of alveolar capillary damage and pulmonary ventilation inhomogeneity were with the same frequency (43%). In patients with disseminated tuberculosis, the most frequent syndrome of the DLCO decrease was pulmonary ventilation inhomogeneity (33%), then alveolar-capillary damage (29%) and mixed (24%). In patients with cavernous tuberculosis, the leading syndrome of the DLCO decrease was mixed (39%), then alveolar capillary damage (25%) and pulmonary ventilation inhomogeneity (23%). The syndrome of gas exchange surface reduction in patients with disseminated and cavernous tuberculosis was less common (14%). In conclusion, an additional evaluation of the combination of PCF and VA increases the amount of clinical information obtained using the diffusion lung capacity measurements, since it allows identifying various syndromes of gas exchange impairment. The leading causes of diffusing capacity impairment vary by different types of pulmonary TB

Calcium Export from Neurons and Multi-Kinase Signaling Cascades Contribute to Ouabain Neuroprotection in Hyperhomocysteinemia

Pathological homocysteine (HCY) accumulation in the human plasma, known as hyperhomocysteinemia, exacerbates neurodegenerative diseases because, in the brain, this amino acid acts as a persistent N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor agonist. We studied the effects of 0.1&ndash;1 nM ouabain on intracellular Ca2+ signaling, mitochondrial inner membrane voltage (&phi;mit), and cell viability in primary cultures of rat cortical neurons in glutamate and HCY neurotoxic insults. In addition, apoptosis-related protein expression and the involvement of some kinases in ouabain-mediated effects were evaluated. In short insults, HCY was less potent than glutamate as a neurotoxic agent and induced a 20% loss of &phi;mit, whereas glutamate caused a 70% decrease of this value. Subnanomolar ouabain exhibited immediate and postponed neuroprotective effects on neurons. (1) Ouabain rapidly reduced the Ca2+ overload of neurons and loss of &phi;mit evoked by glutamate and HCY that rescued neurons in short insults. (2) In prolonged 24 h excitotoxic insults, ouabain prevented neuronal apoptosis, triggering proteinkinase A and proteinkinase C dependent intracellular neuroprotective cascades for HCY, but not for glutamate. We, therefore, demonstrated here the role of PKC and PKA involving pathways in neuronal survival caused by ouabain in hyperhomocysteinemia, which suggests existence of different appropriate pharmacological treatment for hyperhomocysteinemia and glutamate excitotoxicity

INDEL-Typing of <i>Yersinia pseudotuberculosis</i> Strains

The aim of this study was to develop a new method of intraspecific genetic differentiation of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, based on the detection of INDEL-markers using PCR. Materials and methods. Analyzed were 308 strains from the NCBI database and 15 strains sequenced within the frames of this study. The nucleotide sequences of the strains were determined using the MiSeq technology platform. The genomes of the strains sequenced in the work, as well as genomes from the NCBI database, were assessed using in silico PCR with 7 pairs of primers designed in the study. As a result of a comparison of genome-wide sequences of 22 Y. pseudotuberculosis strains from the NCBI database, using the author’s software (GenExpert), 7 INDEL-markers were selected that make it possible to effectively distinguish between strains of the causative agent of pseudotuberculosis. Based on these markers, 7 pairs of primers were designed and synthesized for the analysis of different strains using PCR. Analysis of 323 strains in PCR in silico and 70 strains in PCR in vitro allowed for dividing them into 30 genetic groups. Comparison of the results of PCR in silico and in vitro confirmed the possibility of using the proposed primers for intraspecific differentiation of Y. pseudotuberculosis. Based on the data obtained, a dendrogram reflecting the phylogenetic relations of different strains of Y. pseudotuberculosis was constructed. When analyzing the distribution of Y. pseudotuberculosis strains by various clusters and genetic groups, a number of patterns were revealed. Conducted in silico and in vitro PCR show that the proposed method of INDEL-typing can be used for intraspecific genetic differentiation of the causative agent of pseudotuberculosis