Attainments of the Bayesian information bounds for the escort distribution (Bayesian approaches and statistical inference)

We show some necessary and sufficient conditions for the attainment of the Borovkov-Sakhanenko and van Trees Bayesian information bounds when the underlying distribution is the escort distribution of an exponential family and the conjugate or the Jeffreys prior. In this paper we consider the case where the order of the escort distribution is a constant and the parameter of exponential family is a random variable. Some examples attaining the bounds are also given

Sequential Point Estimation of the Location Parameter in the Location-Scale Family of Non-Regular Distributions

In this paper, we consider sequential estimation of the location parameter based on the midrange in the presence of an unknown scale parameter when the underlying distribution has a bounded support. The estimation is done under squared loss plus cost of sampling. Stopping rules based on the range are proposed and are shown to be asymptotically efficient. The risks of the sequential procedures are compared with the Robbins sequential estimation procedure based on the sample mean. The former are shown to be asymptotically more efficient than the latter in the sense of the sample size when the density function changes sharply at the end points of the support. Koike (2007) observed a similar asymptotic superiority of the sequential estimation procedure based on the midrange in the sequential interval estimation procedure under the same condition

Construction of statistical sequential estimation procedures in nonregular case

科学研究費助成事業(科学研究費補助金)研究成果報告書：基盤研究(C) 2009-2012課題番号：２１５４０１０

Metastatic Carcinoma to Subcutaneous Tissue and Skeletal Muscle: Clinicopathological Features in 11 Cases

Objective: Metastatic carcinoma to subcutaneous tissue or skeletal muscle is relatively rare. The present study aimed to clarify the clinicopathological features for confirming the diagnosis as soft tissue metastasis and determining the primary site. Methods: We reviewed records of 11 patients with soft tissue metastasis who were in our institution from 1996 to 2009. Results: In 9 of 10 patients who underwent magnetic resonance imaging, findings consisted of poorly circumscribed high-intensity lesions around the tumor on T2-weighted images, irregular peritumoral enhancement and poorly enhanced lesions at the center of the tumor on T1-weighted images. Systematic immunohistochemical examination was more valuable for diagnosing as soft tissue metastasis and confirming the primary site. The expression patterns of cytokeratins 7 and 20 and tissue-specific antibodies such as thyroid transcription factor-1, MUC5AC and CDX2 were useful diagnostic markers. The primary site could be determined in five patients with cytokeratin 7/20 immunophenotype and positivity for tissue-specific antibodies. In four cases, determination of the primary site finally became possible by comparison with the histological findings of operative specimens in past carcinoma and/or in consideration of radiological findings and the results of cytokeratin 7/20 phenotyping. Conclusions: Systematic immunohistochemical examination is helpful for confirmation of the primary origin in soft tissue metastasis of carcinoma in addition to clinical information such as the history and condition of past carcinoma, radiological findings and comparison between the histology of biopsy specimens and past carcinoma.ArticleJAPANESE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY. 41(3):358-364 (2011)journal articl

Importance of cell surface marker to the prognosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

We studied the correlation between the cell surface markers and prognosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients treated in the Shikoku Cancer Center Hospital from 1980 to 1986. Thirty-one cases were selected on the basis of having a lymphnode as a primary lesion, having been immunophenotyped before chemotherapy, being in the intermediate histologic grade and being in stage II, III or IV. Thirteen cases of the T-cell type (T-lymphomas) and 18 cases of the B-cell type (B-lymphoma) were identified. The complete remission rate was 54% among T-lymphoma patients and 78% among B-lymphoma patients. The median length of survival was 12+ months in T-lymphoma and 26+ months in B-lymphoma. The survival rate of T-lymphoma patients was significantly lower than that of B-lymphoma patients. The importance of making surface marker studies was reappraised in our study.</p

Border of Spacetime

It is still uncertain whether the cosmic censorship conjecture is true or not. To get a new insight into this issue, we propose the concept of the border of spacetime as a generalization of the spacetime singularity and discuss its visibility. The visible border, corresponding to the naked singularity, is not only relevant to mathematical completeness of general relativity but also a window into new physics in strongly curved spacetimes, which is in principle observable.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in Physical Review D, typos correcte

Implant isolation of ZnO

We study ion-irradiation-induced electrical isolation in n-type single-crystal ZnO epilayers. Emphasis is given to improving the thermal stability of isolation and obtaining a better understanding of the isolation mechanism. Results show that an increase in the dose of 2 MeV ¹⁶Oions (up to ∼2 orders of magnitude above the threshold isolation dose) and irradiation temperature (up to 350 °C) has a relatively minor effect on the thermal stability of electrical isolation, which is limited to temperatures of ∼300–400 °C. An analysis of the temperature dependence of sheet resistance suggests that effective levels associated with irradiation-produced defects are rather shallow (<50 meV). For the case of implantation with keV Cr, Fe, or Niions, the evolution of sheet resistance with annealing temperature is consistent with defect-induced isolation, with a relatively minor effect of Cr, Fe, or Ni impurities on the thermal stability of isolation. Results also reveal a negligible ion-beam flux effect in the case of irradiation with 2 MeV 16Oions, supporting high diffusivity of ion-beam-generated defects during ion irradiation and a very fast stabilization of collision cascade processes in ZnO. Based on these results, the mechanism for electrical isolation in ZnO by ion bombardment is discussed

Na依存性PiトランスポーターNpt2cは、KlothoノックアウトマウスPi恒常性において成長期と成熟期では異なる作用を有する

SLC34A3/NPT2c/NaPi-2c/Npt2c is a growth-related NaPi cotransporter that mediates the uptake of renal sodium-dependent phosphate (Pi). Mutation of human NPT2c causes hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria. Mice with Npt2c knockout, however, exhibit normal Pi metabolism. To investigate the role of Npt2c in Pi homeostasis, we generated α-klotho−/−/Npt2c−/− (KL2cDKO) mice and analyzed Pi homeostasis. α-Klotho−/− (KLKO) mice exhibit hyperphosphatemia and markedly increased kidney Npt2c protein levels. Genetic disruption of Npt2c extended the lifespan of KLKO mice similar to that of α-Klotho−/−/Npt2a−/− mice. Adult KL2cDKO mice had hyperphosphatemia, but analysis of Pi metabolism revealed significantly decreased intestinal and renal Pi (re)absorption compared with KLKO mice. The 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 concentration was not reduced in KL2cDKO mice compared with that in KLKO mice. The KL2cDKO mice had less severe soft tissue and vascular calcification compared with KLKO mice. Juvenile KL2cDKO mice had significantly reduced plasma Pi levels, but Pi metabolism was not changed. In Npt2cKO mice, plasma Pi levels began to decrease around the age of 15 days and significant hypophosphatemia developed within 21 days. The findings of the present study suggest that Npt2c contributes to regulating plasma Pi levels in the juvenile stage and affects Pi retention in the soft and vascular tissues in KLKO mice

GALAXY CRUISE: Deep Insights into Interacting Galaxies in the Local Universe

We present the first results from GALAXY CRUISE, a community (or citizen) science project based on data from the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program (HSC-SSP). The current paradigm of galaxy evolution suggests that galaxies grow hierarchically via mergers, but our observational understanding of the role of mergers is still limited. The data from HSC-SSP are ideally suited to improve our understanding with improved identifications of interacting galaxies thanks to the superb depth and image quality of HSC-SSP. We have launched a community science project, GALAXY CRUISE, in 2019 and collected over 2 million independent classifications of 20,686 galaxies at z < 0.2. We first characterize the accuracy of the participants' classifications and demonstrate that it surpasses previous studies based on shallower imaging data. We then investigate various aspects of interacting galaxies in detail. We show that there is a clear sign of enhanced activities of super massive black holes and star formation in interacting galaxies compared to those in isolated galaxies. The enhancement seems particularly strong for galaxies undergoing violent merger. We also show that the mass growth rate inferred from our results is roughly consistent with the observed evolution of the stellar mass function. The 2nd season of GALAXY CRUISE is currently under way and we conclude with future prospects. We make the morphological classification catalog used in this paper publicly available at the GALAXY CRUISE website, which will be particularly useful for machine-learning applications.Comment: 23 pages, 22 figures, PASJ in press. Data available at https://galaxycruise.mtk.nao.ac.jp/en/for_researchers.htm